Humanised Organs Can Be Grown In Animals :: Stem Cell Research Biology Science Essays

Humanised Organs Can Be Grown In Animals Ever since stem cell research has been discovered there have been many controversial arguments discussing whether or not this method is okay to use when dealing with patients. Research on stem cells is advancing knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult organisms. Since it was discovered, stem cell research is coming a very long way, even though these processes probably won’t be experimented in humans years for decades. Right now in stem cell research we are extracting stem cells from humans bone marrow and inserting them into animal fetus's before the immune system can learn the difference between it's own cells and foreign cells. The plan is to grow more human stem cells in animal organs than animal cells so we can perform organ transplants to replace damaged organs with the animal's organs. The only problem about this, is a rejection of the animal portion of cells in the human body. This means that the cells in our body could attack this new organ. Although, this therapy is still years away, the beginning processes have been started by a team led by Esmail Zanjani at the University of Nevada. Zanjani’s team hopes that the animal-human organs they are working on will have compatible new cells that are exactly the same as a patient’s organs for fixing damaged organs. With the new research they have found, it could be possible that they replace whole organs. The only problem about animal-human organs is that people could get viruses from animals that humans don’t normally acquire The original plan of Zanjani’s was to see prevent birth defects in unborn babies by injecting healthy stem cells into the fetus but in the process of doing this, he found that in doing this process, it could also be used to grow â€Å"humanized† organs. This idea came from the work of Flake. He found that the human cells develop into part of the heart, skin, muscle, fat, and other tissues when stem cells are taken out of bone marrow and injected into sheep fetuses. Stem cells have two important characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells. First, they are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division. The second is that under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions such as the beating cells of the heart muscle or the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Humanised Organs Can Be Grown In Animals :: Stem Cell Research Biology Science Essays Humanised Organs Can Be Grown In Animals Ever since stem cell research has been discovered there have been many controversial arguments discussing whether or not this method is okay to use when dealing with patients. Research on stem cells is advancing knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult organisms. Since it was discovered, stem cell research is coming a very long way, even though these processes probably won’t be experimented in humans years for decades. Right now in stem cell research we are extracting stem cells from humans bone marrow and inserting them into animal fetus's before the immune system can learn the difference between it's own cells and foreign cells. The plan is to grow more human stem cells in animal organs than animal cells so we can perform organ transplants to replace damaged organs with the animal's organs. The only problem about this, is a rejection of the animal portion of cells in the human body. This means that the cells in our body could attack this new organ. Although, this therapy is still years away, the beginning processes have been started by a team led by Esmail Zanjani at the University of Nevada. Zanjani’s team hopes that the animal-human organs they are working on will have compatible new cells that are exactly the same as a patient’s organs for fixing damaged organs. With the new research they have found, it could be possible that they replace whole organs. The only problem about animal-human organs is that people could get viruses from animals that humans don’t normally acquire The original plan of Zanjani’s was to see prevent birth defects in unborn babies by injecting healthy stem cells into the fetus but in the process of doing this, he found that in doing this process, it could also be used to grow â€Å"humanized† organs. This idea came from the work of Flake. He found that the human cells develop into part of the heart, skin, muscle, fat, and other tissues when stem cells are taken out of bone marrow and injected into sheep fetuses. Stem cells have two important characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells. First, they are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division. The second is that under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions such as the beating cells of the heart muscle or the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

In Act V, scene i of William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the play is coming to a close as disorder has evolved into order

In Act V, scene i of William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, the play is coming to a close as disorder has evolved into order. Shakespeare concludes the play with words from Oberon, and then Puck. With his final words, Oberon enlightens the audience as to the will of the fairies- to bless the bridal beds of Theseus and Hypolyta, Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Through various literary devices, Shakespeare states the will of the fairies, proclaims their positive dominion, and concludes that this very dominion will allow the shift from disorder to order. Shakespeare proclaims the dominion of the fairies and emphasizes the positive nature of their will through sound value, imagery & diction. Oberon takes an authoritative stance at the very outset of his monologue as he begins with, â€Å"Now,† and immediately gives commands to his fairies. Such diction occurs once again when Oberon tells his fairies to â€Å"stray† through each house. That the fairies are able to enter into the house and â€Å"stray† about implies a certain authoritativeness about them. Also, in giving his commands to the fairies, many of Oberon's words have powerful, pounding sounds: break of day, best bride-bed, and blessed be. His repeated use of ‘b' sounds creates a commanding tone which tells the audience of the dominion that the fairies have. These very words also act as images of a new beginning- the â€Å"break of day† indicates the possibility of a fresh start. Such use of imagery re-occurs with the use of â€Å"bride-bed† which also denotes the optimistic opportunity of a new beginning, as marriage is often looked at as a reawakening experience. Oberon next instructs his fairies to â€Å"bless† these bride-beds and allow for â€Å"issue† to be â€Å"created. † The creation of issue, meaning children, is another example of a new beginning. Thus far, Oberon has established not only that the fairies have true dominion of what happens in the human world, but also the positive nature of this dominion as new beginnings are often looked at as positive and bright. As the monologue continues, through ailment diction, repetition and the personification of nature, Shakespeare elaborates on the outlook of the fairies' dominion and exemplifies the utter control that they have upon what will come to pass. Oberon personifies nature when he speaks of the â€Å"blots of Nature's hand,† suggesting that nature and the fairies are one and the same. If these two forces are at par with one another, it is implied that humans depend on the fairies as much as they do on nature. What Oberon refers to as the â€Å"blots of Nature's hand† is the fact that Nature (represented by the fairy world) is not perfect and the specific â€Å"blot† he has in mind is the fight between Oberon and Titania. Oberon says, however, that such blots â€Å"shall not in their issue stand,† meaning that the fairies do have control over such imperfections, and no negative effect will be bestowed upon the children. This is further expressed by the diction of ailments: â€Å"Never mole, harelip, nor scar. The fairies clearly have power over the â€Å"nativity† of the children which are to be conceived, and therefore have power over everything in the human world. This idea is emphasized furthermore by Oberon's repetition of the word â€Å"shall† as his ability to repeatedly declare what shall happen indicates the absolute dominion of the fairies. After having established the existence and positive nature of this dominion, Shakespeare concludes, through change in tone by sound value, religious diction and imagery, and the use of rhyme scheme, that it will bring about the shift from disorder to order. In order for there to be such a shift, much determination on the part of the fairies is required, which is established through religious diction and imagery. The word â€Å"consecrate,† as used by Oberon, refers to a religious dedication which the fairies have to the well-being of the humans. Oberon instructs each of his fairies to â€Å"take his gait† and â€Å"bless† the chambers of the humans. Such diction again implies a religious and dedicated protection that the fairies have over the humans which will enable them to bring order from disorder. Shakespeare asserts that it is indeed the fairies who will bring order to the human world by the use of the rhyme scheme which is apparent throughout the monologue. The monologue consists purely of rhyming couplets with 7 syllables. Such rhythm and structure implies that the positive dominion of the fairies has an orderly fashion to it, and ultimately expresses that the fairies will bring order from disorder. Finally, words with harsh sounds such as â€Å"trip,† â€Å"stay,† and â€Å"break of day† are used and Oberon ends his monologue in the same tone with which he begun- one of great authority. He calls upon his fairies to bring about order to the human world. By the end of the monologue, Shakespeare has enlightened the audience as to the absolute power that the fairy world has over the human world and has highlighted the dependence of the humans on the fairies. He has furthermore explained that this absolute power is of a positive nature and is the very reason a shift from disorder has occurred in Athens- the human world. While this could be a suitable conclusion to the play, Shakespeare concludes with words from Puck, who, being the protagonist leaves the audience with a choice- to walk away a realist, or to walk away a dreamer.

Cold War and Its Aftermath - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 618 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? As we are all connected to history in one-way shape or form it is important to realize how history is moving us in certain directions. The era of the cold war and just after that played a major role in directing events in the USA. This included technology advancements, human rights, and then the USA policies concerning the world. We find that the world has been deeply influenced in this period and continues to project into our future. During the world wars technology was being constantly developed, hoping to give on country an advantage over others. But this development has its limitation as it requires most of the resources to put into the actual fighting the war. After world war two those resources could shift to new developments with technology in the period of the cold war. At the time USA alone had nuclear weapons that didnt last. As the Soviet Union continued to develop these technologies they ended up ahead in putting the first artificial satellite into space. This scare cause president Kennedy in 1961 to announce that the USA would put man on the moon. Many of the products that we use today came directly from the space program as it pushed the limits of technology. This includes things but is not limited to LED lights, better computers, foam beds and structural analysis. Had there been an actual war some of the technologies would have been prolonged or possibly not even developed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cold War and Its Aftermath" essay for you Create order As history has moved on human right continue to grow and become more defined. During the Cold war the differences of what was considered human right was put into question. Soviet Union had different ideas then what the USA had. This can be seen when the two world leaders compared lifestyles of their people. While human right wasnt the focus in the USA at this time this was where many ideas were formed and solidified as time went on. Especially as the USA was leading the world and yet had problems with raises within itself. As was stated in Give Me Liberty, Eric Foner, Pg724 section Ambiguities of Human Rights. The USA policies in the world was initially one of remaining Isolated for the most part (world war 1 and 2), but after the world wars that change to allow for the USA to intervene, so they could prevent future conflicts in the word. This included reaching out to prevent the spread of communism which led the USA into wars and controlling countries by any means necessary. This all to project what the USA thinks is best for the world. And this continues to happen even to this day. This is in part why the USA spends so much money on its military in this day in addition being involved in politics. Although some would say the USA is turning inwards especially when it comes to environmental issues. If we consider how the people have reacted in past situations we will be able to better tell how they will react here and now. In addition to trends that will continue. If we assert some of these ideas of this time in and after the cold war we could find that the reasons, then might not fit to now. Or we could also find that we are doing what we currently known as best. Technology now is growing till from the government but also on the side on consumerism. So, this may have been a onetime affect in government term. Then the Human right are still using many of these same ideas along with USAs relation to the rest of the world. By looking at these one might better see how the present is connected to the past.