Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Industry Profile Airtel - 3899 Words
INDUSTRY PROFILE INTRODUCTION The Indian telecommunication industry, with about 600.69 million mobile phoneconnections as of February 2010, is the third largest telecommunication network in the worldand the second largest in terms of number of wireless connections of 563.73 million. TheIndian telecom industry is one of the fastest growing in the world and is projected that Indiawill have billion plus mobile users by 2015. Projection by several leading globalconsultancies is that India’s telecom network will overtake China’s in the next 10 years. Forthe past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. Effortshave been made from both governmental and non-governmental platforms to enhance theinfrastructure.†¦show more content†¦It also offers fixed line services and broadbandservices. It offers its TELECOM services under the Airtel brand and is headed by SunilBharti Mittal. The company also provides telephone services and broadband Internet access(DSL) in top 95 c ities in India. It also acts as a carrier for national and international longdistance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station atChennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. It is known for being the first mobile phone company in the world to outsource everythingexcept marketing and sales. Its network operations are provided by Ericsson, business supportby IBM and transmission towers by another company. Ericsson agreed for the first time, to bepaid by the minute for installation and maintenance of their equipment rather than being paidup front. This enables the company to provide pan-India phone call rates of Rs. 1/minute(U$0.02/minute). The businesses at Bharti Airtel have always been structured into three individual strategicbusiness units (SBUs) - Mobile Services, Airtel Telemedia Services amp; Enterprise Services.The mobile business provides mobile amp; fixed wireless services using GSM technology across23 telecom circles while the Airtel Telemedia Services business offers broadband amp;telephone services in 95 cities and has recently launchedShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis of Vodafone and Airtel Services in Pune Region5708 Words  | 23 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VODAFONE AND AIRTEL SERVICES IN PUNE REGION BY SHRIKANT HAWA SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF PUNE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDIRA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE SCIENCE PUNE (2005-2008) CERTIFICATE We hereby certify that Mr. Shrikant Hawa is a bonafide student of our institution passing out course of Bachelor of Business Administration from University of Pune for the year 2007-2008 with specialization in Marketing. 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Chapter – 5 Read MoreAnalyzing Current Sbu’s for Assigning Resources (by Using Boston Consulting Group Approach): Example for Bangladesh Perspective.7819 Words  | 32 Pages12:21 am No comments: Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Subject: Management Practices And Challenges In Telecommunication Sector In Bangladesh Study Focused On Airtel. Subject: Management Practices And Challenges In Telecommunication Sector In Bangladesh Study Focused On Airtel. Methodology of the Study This paper has been prepared by collecting information from secondary source. We have collected information from internet, then summarized the information andRead MorePest Analysis of Telecommunication Industry4581 Words  | 19 PagesINTRODUCTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY Telecommunication is the transmission of messages over significant distances for the purpose of communication. In the modern age of electricity, telecommunications has involved the use of electric means such as the telegraph and telephone, the use of microwave communications and the use of fiber optics. The telecom industry plays an important role in the world economy and global revenues in 2008 were ~USD 4 trillion, expected to grow at a steep 11%Read MoreFundamental and Technical Analysis of Bharti Airtel5585 Words  | 23 PagesASSIGNMENT ON FUNDAMENTAL ANLAYSIS OF BHARTI AIRTEL SUBJECT:- SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO Dr. Hussain Yaganti SUBMITTED BY 1. Devisetty Yeswanth 2008A7PS038H 2. G Sai Kaushik 2008A2PS300H BITS PILANI HYDERABAD CAMPUS FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Fundamental analysis is the examination of the underlying forces that affect the well being of the company, industry groups and companies. 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Monday, December 23, 2019
The Crime Of Gun Control - 1632 Words
Is there a more heinous act than to kill a child? After an event like a school shooting, our anger drives us to seek different ways to prevent a similar event from ever happening again. In an attempt to do so, we focus on guns as the cause of the problem and try to put more regulations in place. Who would not want regulations on gun ownership and establish places where guns are prohibited, like schools, if it would prevent or help reduce these crimes from happening? However, statistics have shown that gun regulations are ineffective in reducing gun related crimes and may actually increase the occurrence of them, ultimately leading to an increasing death toll. The gun is not committing the crime; it is the person pulling the trigger.†¦show more content†¦After doing more research on this topic, I have to agree with the latter. People have been lobbying for more gun control laws recently following â€Å"mass shooting†events, to prevent these gun related crimes, bu t their effort is misdirected. A gun is a tool in the hands of a killer. It is a means to construct violence, but it is not the cause of violence. â€Å"There are no dangerous weapons. There are only dangerous men.†-Robert A. Heinlein (Guns). Putting more legislation in place to regulate guns will be a futile attempt at reducing gun related crime, because the gun is not the cause of these acts. Three gun laws currently in place have illustrated this fact. The Gun Control Act of 1968 makes it illegal for â€Å"felons, fugitives, illegal drug users, adjudicated mental defectives, illegal aliens, those dishonorably discharged from the armed forces and those who have renounced U.S. citizenship†from being able to possess any firearm (Crooker 90). This law says that felons cannot possess a firearm and yet a majority of those responsible for these crimes are repeat offenders (Gun facts). It also indicates that people with mental illnesses cannot have a gun, but there h ave been several shootings that involved the mentally ill. Any school shooting or other â€Å"mass shooting†event would show this fact. No sane individual would go and kill large amounts of people. It is against the law for these kinds of people to own guns, but
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Hiv Voluntary Counseling and Testing Free Essays
Cyber-VCT Program The 2010 UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic states that based on the 2009 data, 33. 3 million people are living with HIV worldwide and Sub-Saharan Africa makes up 68% of the global total with 22. 5 million people living with HIV. We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv Voluntary Counseling and Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 In an effort to address this epidemic, voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs have been implemented in many of rural and remote areas. VCT serves as the gateway to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support by allowing people to learn their HIV status. According to World Health Organization (WHO), knowledge of one’s HIV status benefits the individuals, community, and population through awareness and education. 2 Therefore, there have been great efforts to expand VCT services since inception over 20 years ago. Unfortunately, global participation remains low, especially in the remote areas. 3 Studies show that there are various reasons why people do not participate. Some of the main reasons are stigma, lack of awareness, lack of access, cost of the test, and test-related fears. Several VCT models have been implemented to address these concerns but research suggests that further work needs to be done. Organic Health Response (OHR) has piloted an innovative Cyber-VCT Program in Mfangano Island by using technology to attract residents to participate. The Cyber-VCT Program uses access to solar-powered internet as an incentive to attract people to do HIV testing. The people who participate become part of the Post-Test Club and have free access to the labs in the Cyber-VCT facility called Ekialo Kiona Center (EKC). The facility has confidential VCT rooms, solar-powered computer lab with satellite Internet, radio studio, seminar rooms, and an                                                             â€Å"Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010†(UNAIDS, 2010: http://www. unaids. org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en. pdf). 2 World Health Organization, â€Å"Scaling-up HIV testing and counselling services: a toolkit for programme managers. †(WHO Press, 2005: http://www. who. nt/hiv/pub/vct/counsellingtestingtoolkit. pdf) 3 Information from World Health Organization on HIV testing and counselling accessed May 4, 2011: http://www. who. int/hiv/topics/vct/en/ 4 Joseph K. B. Matovu and Frederick E. Makumbi, â€Å"Expanding access to voluntary HIV counselling and t esting in sub-Saharan Africa: alternative approaches for improving uptake, 2001–2007,†Tropical Medicine and International Health, 12:2 (November 2007), pp. 1315-1322. Page 1 of 6 1 Cyber-VCT Program open-air amphitheater. The program provides access to the only internet / library facility on the island and according to OHR, needs assessment and ethnographic research have shown that residents are enthusiastic about having access to technology, which suggest the potential for program effectiveness. 5 There is a bi-annual membership renewal process where residents need to do individualized VCT session with a counselor from the International Medical Corps. This renewal process will provide the structure for more longitudinal effects. The ultimate goal of Cyber-VCT Program is to encourage voluntary counseling and testing, facilitate the process of referrals to Ministry of Health and FACES treatment programs, connect those who are HIV positive with locally formed psycho-social support, and improve dissemination of HIV education. It is more comprehensive and effective than community stand-alone VCT centers, mobile VCT, Routine offer of VCT or better known as provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC), and home-based VCT. These other VCT models have increased uptake but they have limitations that the Cyber-VCT program helps address. Stand-alone VCT centers values client initiation – people have to travel and access the services on their own but the stigma associated with it is a huge barrier that limits people from utilizing the services at the centers. The mobile VCT provides services with a mobile team traveling to communities in a van equipped with HIV-testing facilities. It addresses the issue of cost and accessibility but stigma and fears related to testing were not addressed. 6 PITC has proven to be effective in increasing participation through recommendations by providers to those attending health facilities. These patients are provided with the options to opt out but there were ethical concerns as to whether testing was actually voluntary because providers were not consistently counseling the patients Information from Organic Health Response website: http://organichealthresponse. org/cyber-vct-pilot. Jan Ostermann et al. , â€Å"Who tests, who doesn’t, and why? Uptake of mobile HIV counseling and testing in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania,†PLoS One 6:1 (January 2011) e16488. 6 5 Page 2 of 6 Cyber-VCT Program 7 thoroughly. Home-based VCT provides services at residents’ homes which addresses accessibility and cost concerns, in addition to eliminates the stigma resulting from being seen at a testing site, but it does not eliminate people’s fear of being stigmatized and rejected by their own family members. 8 The Cyber-VCT program is superior to these models because it helps to eliminate the stigma attached to getting HIV testing, ensures confidentiality, provide proper education, and focuses on sustainability through micro-clinic networks. The Cyber-VCT program has been pilot tested in Mfangano Island in Suba District Lake Victoria (West Kenya). OHR’s vision is to implement an effective comprehensive model starting with Mfangano Island and expanding it to the entire Lake Victoria through micro-clinic networks in hopes that the model can be implemented in other rural impoverished areas to continue fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic worldwide. Mfangano Island is the appropriate pilot site because it has a population of 19,000 people with an estimate of over 30% local prevalence of HIV/AIDS. One of the major threats of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the island is the possible extinction of the indigenous Suba language and way of life. In addition, the neglected people of the island face various health, economic, political, environmental, and social issues. The island has no electricity and there is one road that circles the base of the island. The primary occupation is fishing and subsistence farming. The impoverished people rely on the Nile perch stock that has been the source of many other issues. The industrial Nile perch export fishery has resulted in unsafe â€Å"fish-for-sex†practices and natural resource depletion. The Nile perch stock has also caused interstate resource conflicts between Kenya and Uganda. Even worse is that                                                             Mercy K. Njeru et al. , â€Å"Practicing provider-initiated HIV testing in high prevalence settings: Consent concerns and missed preventive opportunities,†BMC Health Services Research, 11:87 (April 2011): http://www. biomedcentral. com/1472-6963/11/87. 8 Edgar M. Mulogo et al. , â€Å"Facility and home based HIV Counseling and Testing: a comparative analysis of uptake of services by rural communities in southwestern Uganda,†BMC Health Services Research, 11:54 (March 2011): http://www. iomedcentral. com/1472-6963/11/54. Page 3 of 6 7 Cyber-VCT Program overfishing and the environmental issues are endangering the existence of the Nile perch stock. Overpopulation, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practice s are the cause of these environmental issues. 9 OHR is taking a comprehensive multi-step approach starting with the Cyber-VCT program to address the complex interconnected issues feeding into the HIV/AIDS problem. OHR plans to sustain the program by building a local infrastructure with micro-clinic networks that empowers the communities. The Cyber-VCT program is the first layer that serves as the gateway to these networks. The networks are formed to encourage people to support each other in an organic way and make the program attractive to residents. Interested participants will go through a five-week social solidarity program to receive education and training on tools to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The workshops will take place at EKC. The goal is for the program participants to provide continuous support to their communities in micro-clinic teams of 5-25 people. In this way, an infrastructure is established for future innovation, such as organic farm plots, composting bio-gas latrines, solar cooking ovens, youth radio, and other sustainable projects, to occur. Most importantly, the infrastructure empowers local communities rather than merely looking â€Å"western. †The objective is to develop a mutually beneficial connection between the local community-based organizations and the international health governance systems rather than having the impoverished rural communities depend only on international assistance. Global scalability will depend on proving the effectiveness of the comprehensive model because the model required a great amount of resources. Obtaining support and acquiring funding from various entities will be crucial. The cost of building the center (sustainable ferro                                                            â€Å"Ripples of Dispute Surround Tiny Island in East Africa,†New York Times, August 16, 2009 (http://www. nytimes. com/2009/08/17/world/africa/17victoria. html). Page 4 of 6 9 Cyber-VCT Program ement design), research, program design, curriculum development, program staffing, implementation (community mobilization, training workshops) is estimated to be $339,000. This amount does not include the cost of land because it was donated by a community leader so the estimate d cost for implementation at other areas may be higher. In addition, the $339,000 includes mostly upfront cost and further detailing of maintenance cost will need to be considered. Some of the maintenance cost will be related to technological equipment or systems, security, and infrastructure sustainability. A comparative study is necessary to show improvements in VCT uptake and HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, to attract funding for implementation in other remote impoverish areas that are affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Furthermore, each workshop within the solidarity program will need to be closely evaluated to make improvements or eliminate any ineffective training and education. Beyond funding, the mutual beneficial relationship between the local communities and international organizations will also play an important role in scalability for resource stability. Strong local ownership of the program will also be invaluable. The networks will likely serve to engage residents organically because the micro-teams will consist of residents’ neighbors, friends, family members. Perhaps, to further encourage local ownership and stabilize the infrastructure, it may be effective to consider creating jobs for local residents to maintain the EKC and microclinics networks. Another layer to the program can be to train local residents to take on positions that may be initially be filled by international partners. OHR’s Cyber-VCT program strives to provide an innovation solution to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in remote impoverished areas by using technology. The program is more innovative than other VCT models in that people are incentivized to participate and become part of a network that is intended to build itself in an organic way. Furthermore, Cyber-VCT Page 5 of 6 Cyber-VCT Program program uses access to technology as cover and ensures confidentiality to address the people’s concern of being stigmatized, which is on the top of list of the many reasons why VCT participate rate remains low. Another way the program is more innovative is that it has a high chance of sustainability because of OHR’s focus on building a local infrastructure. The added benefit of establishing a local infrastructure is that it allows for further innovations to address other social, environmental, economic, political issues that are connected to the HIV/AIDS problem. In regards to scalability, securing funding by proving the effectiveness of the program, maintaining the mutually beneficial relationship between the local and nternational organizations, encouraging strong local empowerment, and other considerations such as creating local job opportunities for residents can help drive down cost and make the program scalable. As detailed in this paper, OHR’s Cyber-VCT program incorporated in the comprehensive model meets the five Tech Award evaluation criteria outlined on their website10 and is a great candidate for the award. 10 The Tech Awards Criteria: http://www. techawards. thete ch. org/nominate/criteria/. Page 6 of 6 How to cite Hiv Voluntary Counseling and Testing, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Biopsychosocial Assessment free essay sample
Conrad is a tall and thin white boy under 18 years old. He has big brown eyes like his father, but his hair is very short as it has been cut when he was in the hospital and now is growing out again. He speaks slowly and in a low voice which seems that he wants to control his emotion. He is healthy, but looks like losing his appetite hence a little weak. family/household/primary social system. Conrad’s family consists of his father Calvin, his mother Beth and him. He had an older brother named Buck, who died in the sailing accident four months ago. (See Appendix) Calvin’s family has a good relationship with his mother Beth’s parents and brother. They would get together frequently and spend the vocation time together. When Conrad’s parents are away, his grandmother would stay with him in their house and take care of him. ecological system. Conrad is an excellent student in high school with good grades, so his parents never worry about his study and consider him as a smart boy. He is a member of Choir in school and a good singer. He met his girlfriend Jeannine in the Choir as Jeannine was appreciate his singing very much. And also he was a talented swimmer, a member of his school’s swim team. But he quit the swim team after the sailing accident and claimed that he didn’t believe in God. He has several boy friends that grow up with him and they are used to hang out all the time. One of his friends is named Lazenby. Lazenby, Buck and he were the best friends. After the accident, he began to drift apart these friends, because he thinks it hurts too much to be around them. He was in psychiatric hospital for four months after the accident, and he met a friend named Karen. They met several times after they left the hospital, and Karen used to make an effort to cheer Conrad up, but she suicided later. Referral Source and Process; Collateral Information Conrad got Dr. Burger’s phone number from Dr. Crawford at Hillsboro Hospital, which is the psychiatric hospital he stayed for four months before. Conrad’s father Calvin suggested him to go to see the doctor and made a plan for him seeing the doctor in this month. Presenting Problems and Goals the origin and development of the concerns. Conrad was sent to the psychiatric hospital because he tried to kill himself after the boat accident. Even though he left the hospital one month and a half ago and now is getting back to the regular life, he still needs time and help to recover from the accident. His life isn’t back to totally normal now, and there are still some problems bothering him that prevent him from getting rid of the psychological shadow. he reasons that social work services are sought or required. There are two main issues. First, Conrad is continually punishing himself for Buck’ death. He keeps on thinking that it is his fault that led Buck to die. He blames himself so badly that he tried to suicide. After recovery from the hospital, he becomes to repress his emotion and believes it would contribute to control himself. Another issue is that he cannot feel the connection with his mother. As his mother loved his older brother very much and had a very special type of relationship with Buck, after Buck died, he felt that his mother blamed and hated him. And he thinks that his mother would never forgive him about both Buck’s death and his suicide attempt. the desired outcome of the social work service as envisioned by the client. Conrad denies that there is something wrong with him or his life. He tries to cover the emotion and pretends everything is ok so he has no need to disclose his scar. He said he just wanted to be more in control. Also he thinks he is a little jumpy after a little self-disclosure, and wants to feel better through the therapy. Social History Firstly, his dead brother Buck was kind of a star in his family. He was used to live in his brother’s shadow, but when the boat accident happened to them, he was the only one to survive. As he was always indentifying himself the less important one, he considered it was wrong that he was the one who would still have a life. As a result of nervous breakdown, he tried to kill himself with cutting his wrists in the bathroom, fortunately his father found out and save him. Then he went to the psychiatric for four months. When he comes back, there are still issues he needs to deal with. Even now he still thinks that he would never get it out and be forgiven. He cannot eat normally and focus on study at school. He also has nightmare and hallucinogenic like when he saw the running train he thought he saw the graveyard. What’s more, he quit the swim team without telling his parents and drifted apart from his friends, all because these things would remind him of Buck. Actually he becomes irritable and just tries to cover the anger. When he was out of control, he beat his friend without reason. In fact, his mother denies her loss, hoping to maintain her composure and restore her family to what it once was. She appears to have loved her elder son more and because of the suicide attempt, has now grown cold toward Conrad. She is determined to maintain the appearance of perfection and normalcy. When Conrad was in the hospital, Beth never went to see him for the four whole months. Inflexibility boundaries created by Beth is blocking an easy way to communication and negotiation between family members whenever they need it. The situation is getting worse; as a result, they even cannot have a normal daily conversation. Finally they get several fights. When Conrad said she never went to see him, and if he was Buck, she definitely would pay the visit, she said Buck would never go to this kind of hospital, which hurt Conrad deeply. Besides, when they were taking family photos, Calvin wanted to take a picture for Beth and Conrad, but Beth was very unhappy with that and continually tried to avoid this photo shooting. At last Conrad was pissed off yelling â€Å"Give her the Goddamn camera†. Even though Conrad wants to make some efforts to fix their relationship, it seems that Beth is not planning to accept the court. The pattern that we see is a complimentary role of tough-mother/tender-father. Within this family structure, the father plays more of the traditional gender roles assigned to an expressive role, expected of a caring mother, such as providing emotional support and tender care. The mother in this family makes most of the decisions, such as trips for herself and her husband, checking bills after returning from a trip, buying the shirts her teenage son should wear, and even what shoes her husband should wear during their sons funeral. Her need for so much power and control, for so much structure, leads to a great deal of tension within the family. She does not like change very much either. Overall, this family structural system is dysfunctional and tears the family apart due to the lack of implementation of intervention, though Calvin and Conrad were both willing and seeking such intervention. Beth, who has issues with power, does not tolerate any coalitions between his husband and son. Therapeutics Goals for the Jarrett family and the process of the therapy based on the Structural Family Therapy Theory: It is clear that the family structure, which includes patterns, rules, and regulations within the family, should be changed. The new structure should seek to rebuild a relationship between the family members in such a way where there are new boundaries and engagements. (Moradian M. , 2011) Case Conceptualization BehaviorLosing appetite Slow rate of speech Sitting back Passive responding AffectIrritable/ Jumpy Fragile Guilty Unloved SensationTired ImageryGraveyard Flashback of Buck’s death CognitionNegative self-verbalizations and perceptions Low standard of perfectionism Internal attribution Interpersonal relationshipsSubmissive in interactions with his father Bad connection with his mother Drifting apart from his friends DrugsThin but healthy Speak little and slowly Losing appetite and sleepless Well dressed Swimming exercise everyday Little leisure time Strengths and Resources There are three aspects can be drawn to be the strength: Empowerment, Synergy and Dialogue and collaboration. As his father is concerning about him, and putting his condition as the first thing in life now, his father has made a plenty of efforts to communicate with him and tried to find some ways to help him. And he has been gender, understandable and patient for Conrad. Also, Conrad has a girlfriend recently, who he likes very much and enjoys spending time with. The girl makes him feel happy and relax, and try to help him with his scar at the same time. Conrad gets huge support from these two people. Missing Information Conrad’s mother Beth’s real attitude is still unknowable. Maybe it is just misunderstanding that stands between the mother and son. And due to the existing information, Beth may also need consultation and therapy. So it’s best to have a family consultation include the parents that would help gather information and find out the crucial reason.
Friday, November 29, 2019
10 Types of Transitions
10 Types of Transitions 10 Types of Transitions 10 Types of Transitions By Mark Nichol Writing is simply a matter of expressing ideas, but as we all know, it’s not so simple after all. One challenge is to coherently connect those ideas. This post lists ten categories of words and phrases one can employ to signal a transition, with several examples for each type. These words and phrases can be used within a sentence as well as at the beginning. Note, too, that many can apply to more than one category. (These groupings are arbitrary, created for the sake of presentation; transitional terms can be organized in various ways.) 1. Addition â€Å"Also, I have to stop at the store on the way home.†â€Å"Besides, it would give me great satisfaction to help you.†â€Å"First, I’d like to thank you for inviting me to speak tonight.†2. Comparison â€Å"In the same way, the author foreshadows a conflict between two minor characters.†â€Å"Likewise, the sequel was very successful.†â€Å"Similarly, we observed no differences in response rate.†3. Concession â€Å"Granted, you did not ask ahead of time.†â€Å"Naturally, the final decision is up to her.†â€Å"Of course, he will want to examine the documents himself.†4. Contrast â€Å"At the same time, what she said has some truth to it.†â€Å"However, I don’t see what that has to do with anything.†â€Å"Otherwise, how can they expect us to comply?†5. Consequence â€Å"Accordingly, I have consulted with him for a second opinion.†â€Å"As a result, I’m not sure what to do.†â€Å"For this reason, we have decided to halt the project.†6. Emphasis â€Å"Above all, we must exercise discretion.†â€Å"Certainly, he’ll find out for himself in time.†â€Å"In fact, they’re on their way right now.†7. Example â€Å"For example, he could have asked for advice first.†â€Å"In particular, I draw your attention to the stain on the carpet.†â€Å"Namely, consider the consequences of your decision.†8. Sequence â€Å"Earlier, you had mentioned a report.†â€Å"Eventually, we’ll see some improvement.†â€Å"Meanwhile, I’ve been waiting for you.†9. Space â€Å"Below, you’ll find instructions for assembling the shelf.†â€Å"In the distance, he could see the approaching figure.†Off to one side, a package wrapped in plain paper caught her attention. 10. Summary â€Å"In conclusion, I see no reason to delay any longer.†â€Å"In other words, they’re incompetent.†â€Å"Therefore, your decision leaves me no choice.†Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetQuiet or Quite?
Monday, November 25, 2019
International Trade Advantages and Limitations
International Trade Advantages and Limitations Scientific innovation and invention in technology, communication, and transport networks has facilitated integration among countries; one major element of globalisation is international trade. International trade is trade among countries; it operates on two main paradigms, importation and exportation of factors of production and finished commodities. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Trade Advantages and Limitations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International trade prevails because of economic, resource and wealth differences among countries, which results to comparative and absolute advantage; with international trade, countries stand to benefit (Taylor 78). This report discusses the economic concept of free trade; it will use international policies to explain the advantages likely to be derived from free trade. One advantage and one limitation of International Trade Free trade is attained when countries remove trade and nons of countries that have become net consumers include Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Absolute and comparative advantages of international trade Both absolute and comparative advantages concepts explain why international trade prevail; they support free trade among countries;Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Absolute advantage Adam smith, an economist in late 18th century and early 19th century, developed this concept of absolute advantage, the concept behind the theory is that countries should produce what they can effectively and cheaply produce and import those commodities that it has limited capacity to produce effectively. The concept is similar to household resource management; whereby households tend to produce what they can produce more cheaply and opt to buy those that they cannot produce effectively. The concept broadly states that it is rational that if a country can import goods and services more cheaply than it can produce, then there is no point of producing such commodities. It goes further and states that a country should only produce what it can make efficiently then export to those countries that cannot have the commodities produced effectively. The proceeds gotten from the export is then used to pay for imports. The net effect of the trading partners is that country A will have products produced form country B at a lower cost and country B will get commodity form country A at lower costs; consumers will benefit reduced prices. If we consider two countries, a country has an absolute advantage if it can produce some products at a low cost than another country. Comparative advantage David Ricardo developed the concept of comparative advantage in 1817; the main argument of the concept is that a country has a comparative advantage if its marginal production cost is lower than marginal production of t he other country. If we have two trading countries, country A and country B, country A has a comparative advantage than country B if it has a marginal superiority in production of certain product. Abundance of factors of production differs among countries; rational countries will generally tend to produce those products that utilize the most abundant (cheap) factor of production. According to this concept, if each country specializes in those products and service that it can produce more efficiently, then production can increase and maximum and efficient resource utilization realized. The concept argues that trade allow each country (trading partner) to specialize in those goods and service that it can have a lower marginal production cost.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Trade Advantages and Limitations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the concept assumes that factors of mobility has a re perfectly mobile; this means that a country can exchange a factor of production for another without affecting the level of efficiency of the factor. Secondly, it assumes that input-output ratio is constant. This is not true because of the effects of diminishing return and the effects of specialization (OSullivan and Sheffrin 23-67) How Absolute and Comparative advantage are used Absolute advantage Let take a hypothetical example of two countries, country A and country B, they have different potentials. Country A can produce 300milligrams of wheat by using 300 units of factors of production, and can produce 500 milligrams of maize using 300 units of factors of production. Country B can produce the 300 milligrams wheat using 200 units of factors of production, and 200milligrams of maize using 200 units of factors of production, then country B has an absolute advantage in wheat production than country A and country A has absolute advantage in maize than country B. In such a situati on assuming that there are no barriers to trade, then country A should import wheat from country B and country B import maize from country A, both countries stand to benefit. Comparative advantage Let us consider two countries; county 1 and country 2, trading on only two products; wheat and television sets, using similar factors of production as an example; Pre-specialization (before free trade) Wheat Television sets County 2 300 300 County 1 1200 500 Total 1500 800 Let analyze the opportunity costs of the two countries: where county 2 shifts more resources into making of television set, the opportunity cost of one television is one wheat milligram. If county 1 was to put more resources into manufacture of more television sets, then the opportunity cost of one television is 2.4 wheat milligrams. Therefore county 2 has a lower marginal opportunity cost than county 1 in the production of television sets. On the other hand, for county 1 to produce television it is going to give a higher opportunity cost. Post-specialization (after adopting free trade) wheat Television sets county 2 (300-300)= 0 (300+300)= 600 county 1 (1200+ 200*2.4)= 1680 (500-200)= 300 Total 1680 900 Looking at the above trading after specialization, then we find that if countries specialize in the area that they have a comparative advantage, then world’s production will increase.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the analysis above, free trade among countries has an advantage over protectionism policies and lack of international trade; both countries to a trade stand to benefit. As nations, trade among themselves the citizens’ benefit. They enjoy a wide variety of goods and services, increased employment opportunities and improvements in health and standards of living. In a period of about twenty years, a big number of countries have entered into global economies leading to a reduction in the number of people living in poverty. When borders are opened and there are no trade and non-trade barriers, new developed industries will have access to a large market. When the market is large then chances of their success is higher. There will be demand of products and services in other countries that results to investment pull. Investment pull is whereby due to an increased market in a certain region, a country manufacturing the products on demand relocates/ opens a branch in the country of demand (Lipsey 16) Factors affecting foreign exchange rates In international trade, foreign currencies are required to effect a transaction; a country can peg its currency on an internationally known currency like Dollar or pound. After making an exportation, payments in the form of foreign currency forms a credit in foreign exchange and an importation there is a debit in the foreign currency account. Two exchange rates are used in the financial market; the fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate. The forces of demand and supply in the international market determine a floating exchange rate. Exchange rate is determined by the demand of foreign currency at a certain particular time, if the demand is high, then the currency rate of exchange will be higher, when the rate of demand is low then the rate of exchange is low. Balance of trade exists when a country foreign currency from imports equals the expense of exportation. When a country is a net importer, then it has a ne gative balance of trade and its exchange rate to foreign currency is higher (its currency is said to have devalued), when a country is a net exporter then it has a low exchange rate; it has a strong currency. The international monetary fund (IMF) is an international organization that supervises the international financial market by examining the macroeconomic policies of member countries. The objective of IMF is to stabilize foreign exchange rates and enforce liberalized economic policies in countries for loan purposes (Parkin 23). Lipsey, Richard, and Courant. Paul. Economics: Social and Environmental Regulation. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc, 1996.Print. OSullivan, Arthur, and Sheffrin, Steven. Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey, 2003. Print. Parkin, Michael. Economics. Massachusetts: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008.Print. Taylor, John. Principles of Microeconomics. New York: Cengage Learning, 2006.Print.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
E-commerce and Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
E-commerce and Auditing - Essay Example These are: It is not viable for auditors to take leave of work and go back to school to learn the mechanisms needed to serve the new auditing scope. To deal with this aspect of the transformation on-the-job training is the strategy employed by the audit executives. The authors recorded that ,"Some audit executives are using external contractors to "off load" some of the regular work. Freed up internal resources are then being used to get in-house auditors trained in the use of technology." (pg 91). Nikoloyuk et al: further related that Audit executives use the strategy of increasing "audit teams with external specialists." These teams are used to train "internal resource" to become "internal specialist." Changes: Like many other businesses auditing has had to change and modify its practices to best adopt to the growth of technology. Businesses have moved away from the traditional methods and are becoming more and more technologically advanced. If auditing is to remain alive it too will have to adopt to these changes. More so, as their main clients are in fact businesses. Kumar in his work 'The Technological Auditor', noted that, "Accountants and Auditors are not always on the cutting edge of technology." Auditing by nature is not a very transparent job. The process of the job relied on a lot of paper work . This goes against the very nature of E-commerce where the paper work is almost non-existent. Auditing stands a chance of becoming obsolete if adaptations are not made. Companies were disgruntled by the former auditing process as they 4 viewed the as being too expensive and burdensome. In response to these and other concerns Kumar relates that the "US Public Company Accounting Oversight board (PLAOB)" responded to these concerns by "encouraging auditors to become more consistent and transparent in the way they conducted audits." This discontent among businesses and the realization that e-commerce was always moving away from the traditional were indicators that change was on the horizon for the auditing profession. These changes would include; more transparency. The maximizing of special auditing skills on a global basis. Rationalization of the controls. Increased focus on value-added services by auditors. Formerly businesses would schedule the auditing of their firm based on their "point-in-time" system where they would carry out internal assessments to "identify high risk areas of the business." This system soon become redundant as companies sought to comply to the Sarbanes-Oxley. The regulation stipulated that firms would now have to make their financial statements readily available for auditing. (Kumar pg1). Audit Risk: The switch to automated auditing comes with added risk and challenges. The risk that an e-commerce business faces are many
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Public health internship Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Public health internship - Personal Statement Example remains under services or worse, unserviced, due to their lack of health insurance and financial ability to pay out of pocket for their medical needs. As a volunteer of the HRSA, I will be able to help the under privileged community get the health care need that they deserve. It is only fitting that I pay back in this manner, after all, I am being educated at someone elses expense. People understand the need for competent health care but do not have any idea as to how such health programs come about. That is why I am interested in participating in the documentation and research aspect of the program. By assisting the professionals in collating information and writing up their reports, I will be able to gain a more thorough understanding of the complex process that is undertaken by the department of health in order to develop life saving programs for those in need. I am particularly looking forward to participating in the classification projects that will help organize the needs and requirements of the various individuals who come to us seeking medical help. It will be interesting to see how this work is accomplished and how it affects the lives of those who need our help. I am looking forward to becoming an HRSA intern because I know that I will be able to make a difference in the community that I am assigned to. I know that the projects I will be involved in will be one of the most effective ways of getting medical care to the communities that need it the most. We live in difficult financial times. That makes receiving the proper health care all the more difficult for most people. Through my internship at the HRSA, I hope to be able to help ease or alleviate the sense of helplessness that the underprivileged or under insured feel about their status in life. That is why the work that the HRSA does is of vital importance to every citizen of this country. At the end of my internship at the HRSA, I hope to have achieved a level of competency in various work
Monday, November 18, 2019
How the Hubbell telescope is an innovation in science Essay
How the Hubbell telescope is an innovation in science - Essay Example The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is 43.5 feet (13m) long and weighs a massive twenty-four thousand five hundred pounds (11,110 kilograms). The (HST) is quite complex as even the main reflective mirror on the inside is seven feet ten inches (2.5m). It still today holds the title of the most impressive telescope ever built. During its cycle of rotation, this 2.2 billion dollar unit can orbit planet Earth more than fifteen times the hours in one twenty-four hour day. It is capable of transmitting heavy amounts of information data equivalent to filling ten thousand floppy disks completely full. On April twenty-fifth nineteen ninety, a theoretical astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer’s research proposals of a working space telescope became a reality as the space shuttle Discovery deployed the Hubble Telescope into space. Being named after the great Edwin Hubble himself, it began on its course of data collecting that would forever change the way that the scientific community analyzed astron omic data and measurements. Capturing some of the most incredible photos, the Hubble has made many successful discoveries including helping scientist to determine the age of the universe. Thus far the massive Hubble Telescope has accomplished many feats. From the discovery of black holes to the probing of several different galaxy centers, the (HST) continues to prove to be an innovation to science providing answers to profound and complex astronomic equations. A major difference that distinctly separates the Hubble Telescope to be in a league of its own is the fact that when using earth bound telescopes, scientist could not clearly see the objects that were deep in space because light from the atmosphere causes fuzzy images and distorts the light waves within the visible spectrum of the telescopes view. The Hubble however, was created with the power to
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Bajaj Two Wheeler Marketing Analysis
Bajaj Two Wheeler Marketing Analysis Bajaj Auto Limited (BAL) was recognized in 1945, firstly launching scooters and three wheelers a centre in the Indian market. In 1991 its properties of the Indian government rule on foreign imports, BALs marketing object the development of the Indian two wheeler business from scooters to 2 stroke and 4 stroke bikes with a robust stress on BAL while studying its strategies. Along with the analysis found that BAL moving into developing markets in instruction to increase sales and found a global footmark. According to market report also comprises SWOT study of BAL which will help it to express an actual marketing policy for the next five years. In adding to SWOT analysis, Bajaj auto limited latest model Pulsar DTS-i 220cc,150 cc ,180cc 135 cc and Discover DTS-i 135 cc 100cc increased growth suddenly. Its product quality (maintenance, mileage service) better than any another Hero Honda, TVS motor product. At present time ,Bajaj very good position in two wheeler industry because Its ch anges model half yearly, yearly. Its also increase market share. Bajaj discover 100 makes new record -over 10 lakh bike sold in just 15 months. In 2010, Bajaj auto limited launch latest Bajaj Discover 150cc, pulsar 135cc, 220cc model changes in two wheeler market. All the brand comparable with other two wheeler company that its all brand were gave better average with new technic cheaper price. Table of Contents COMPANY HISTORY: Inspiring Confidence, the tagline, has constructed up confidence, complete pleasure engineering, not only to national customers but also internationally. Recognized just eight periods back in 1926 thru Jamnalal Bajaj, the company has been conferred with Indias major exporter of two-wheeler three-wheeler. In 2004-05, produce sales 196,710 units, a great 26 per cent jump over the previous year In 2004-05, Bajaj Auto Ltd. sales have increased about 21 per cent which at most Rs 65.4 billion. Its record in the history of the company. The gross working profit positions at Rs. 9.3 billion, over a record. The profits after tax of the BAL are close to Rs. 7.7 billion, and the pre-tax return on working capital is at an inspiring 80 per cent. The company strength is product excellence, brilliance in engineering and design, and its aptitude to pleasure the customers. In November 2004, the Pulsar introduced is continually controlling the best segment of the motorcycle market, helping to maintain the market advantage. Discover DTS-i, one more successful bike on Indian roads, is in the value segment of the motorcycle market. It joins a high degree of power with petroleum competence of a 100cc motorcycle. The market turns on high economies of device and on high economies of choice. The requirement for technical expertise is high. Owning a strong supply network is important and is very costly. All these brand the fence high enough to be a warning for new candidates OBJECTIVE: Bajaj Limited is to deliver the market requirements of transportation by providing two- wheeler. BAL has been manufacturing the list products to supply to the changing market requirements. Founded on the customer feedback, improvements are being made continuously in the current products. Its wants to be a good market growth in Indian two wheeler Industry. LITERATURE REVIEW: Marketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates satisfies customer requirements profitably. (The Chartered Institute of Marketing) Marketing is a social managerial process by which individual groups obtain what they want and need through creating ,offering and exchanging products of value with others, (kotler, 1991) The marketing mix helps you define the marketing elements for successfully positioning your market offer. One of the best known models is the Four Ps, which helps you define your marketing options in terms of product, place, price and promotion. Use the model when you are planning a new venture, or evaluating an existing offer, to optimize the impact with your target market. MARKETING MIX 4PS MODEL PROMOTION ADVERTISING Earlier tagline Defiantly Male but now its using tagline Distinctly Ahead. It inspires confidence and sends message of Free Biking. Its association with stunt mania (MTV) helps at targeting youth. Hero Honda is worlds no 1 two wheeler sales company. Advertising by Sorav Ganguly Hirtik Roshan. Hero Honda annual STAR SCREEN AWARDS etc. TVS Apache selected Bike of the Year in 2006. Company give a free gifts like electric item, offer price on Diwali, New year any other occasion. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths: Highly knowledgeable management Competences of product design development Widespread RD focus Wide spread distribution network High performance products across all classes High export to national sales ratio Great financial support network Great economics of scope scale Weaknesses: Hasnt employed the extra cash for long Still has no recognized brand to match hero Hondas splendor in customer segment Not a global player in malice of enormous capacity Not a internationally familiar brand (unlike the JV partner Kawasaki ) Threats: The struggles catches-up new innovation in no time Threat inexpensive of important motorcycle from china Margins getting embraced from both the directions (price as well as cost) Tata Ace is a thoughtful struggle for the three- wheeler cargo segment Pulsar 135 cc will good competitor to Hero Honda other bike. Opportunities: Dual growth in two -wheeler market Unused market above 180cc in motorcycle More adulthood and movements towards higher-end motorcycles The increasing gearless trendy scooter and scootte market Increasing world demand for entry-level motorcycle particularly in emerging markets. BAL is devoted to discouragement of pollution, continual development of environment presentation and obedience with all environmental rule and regulations. They always trust in as long as the customer value for money and save a special eye upon excellence, security, productivity, cost and distribution. THE INVEITABLE CHANGE: Bajaj on interior analysis found that it required The practical knowledge to deliver modest goods. The design knowledge. And the instant incapability to support the attack of competitors. Bajaj to expression for an global partner who could transport in technology and also proposal some basic stages to be factory-made and promoted in India. In Japan, Kawasaki is a world-renowned producer of high presentation bikes. In 1990, Bajaj arrived into a planned tie-up with Kawasaki to improve its product line and gen up-gradation to support long-term plans. This helped the purpose of satisfying the market rivalry for a whereas. From 1996 to 2000, Bajaj capitalized extremely in infrastructure though concurrently developing product design and innovation competences, which is the prime reason behind the lively Bajaj of 21st century. After 2001, Bajaj introduced a swing of products right from entry-level motorbike to the best segment right and since then its wet success all the technique for Bajaj. Previous sector, Bajaj had inspiring performance increasing at a rate of 20%+ when the main producer produced at just 6%. This stands a testament to the numerous significant strategic choices over the previous period. MARKET SEGMENTATION: BRAND POSITION: Bajaj Auto is a top company of Bajaj group. Bajaj Auto Limited (BAL) is presently Indias second largest worlds fourth largest two-wheeler and three wheeler producer. The vital ability of Bajaj Auto Ltd is its technology and invention. Both DTS-i (Digital Twin Spark Ignition) and DTS-Fi (Digital Twin Spark Fuel Ignition) are technological advances by Bajaj. BAL is also a innovator in product innovation having accessible technologies such as Exhaust TEC (Exhaust Torque Expansion Chamber), LED tail lamps, LCD Display, SNS, Spare parts (Rear disc brakes, tube less tyres), Black colour system etc. Similarly, the company also learnt that deviation was another important part of its focus on specialism, with the Discover obviously located for the customer section and the Pulsar as the sporty option. The features, so, had to be high-class for each product in terms of looks and trip while protection profitability. Since Bajaj Autos point of view, the customer and sporty parts are the backbone of Indias motorbike market. And even while it has bikes to proposal from the KTM and Kawasaki firm, these largely continue in the place category as off-road and on-road players understanding into incomplete numbers. MARKETING STRETEGIES: The focus of BAL rotten twilight has been on as long as the best models at modest values .Most of the Bajaj models come loaded with the modern landscapes within the price group suitable by the market. BAL has been the innovator in widening competition into as long as newest features in the price section by informing the low price bikes. The latest features like twin spark, disk-brakes, anti-skid DTS-I technology and dual suspension, etc. who increase great growth in two wheeler industry. BAL accepted different promotion policies for different models, few of them are deliberated by table: Strategies Model Engine Technology Market Kawasaki 4s champion 100cc Bajaj first bike launched that time Hero Honda is a great market leader In fuel efficient bike Yamaha is performance bike Boxer 100cc AT/CT/AR three models come in market with good technology. Target rural population price delicate client. Boxer marketed as a worth for money bike a great mileage. It was in straight struggle to Hero Honda Dawn and Suzuki MX100. Pulsar new150cc, 180cc,135 cc 220cc, 200cc, DTS-I (digital twin spark ignition), DTS-Fi, Exhaus TEC (Exhaust Torque Expansion Chamber), Self-start Pulsar was launched in direct competition to the Hero Hondas CBZ model in 150 cc plus segment. all model was a great success and has already crossed 1 million marks in sales. Pulsar bike achieve very good market growth day by day Platina 100cc, 125cc DTS-i. Self-start Bajaj Platina is a leader in mileage appearances in the 100 cc class The Platina 125cc bike has a well-ordered expression along with a great rev-up and acceleration. IMPLEMENTATION: Although the avalanche of motorcycles offered Indian customers a wide variety of models to select from, it also resulted in increased weight on the companies to essence on cost-cuts, technology improvements and up-gradations and fashioning. Their margins came under weight as marketing costs intensified. The companies were compulsory to decrease prices and proposal reductions to live the competition. Moreover, analysts were cynical about the segments ability to uphold the development rate in the years to come. One of the main expectations original the motorbikes rush was that if the market was significantly large and was growing at a constant step, there was room for a profitable being for all products. In 2001, there were over 30 motorbike products in the market. Though, with the top five brands accounting for more than 60% of the market, only 40% of the market was accessible for all other new products put together. In spite of the launch of more vehicles, the endurance forecasts of many of the individual brands were believed to be slightly unwelcoming. Further, the development in the motorbike segment was dependant on on-going positive market situations. Analysts requested that to withstand this growth rate, the section would have to totally cannibalize the market for scooters and a significant part of the market for scooters and mopeds. As the fast increasing scooters segment, with high demand from female clienteles, followed by the temperately growing moped segment and the rearrangement in the scooter section thru major national and foreign companies supporting their attendance, it was unlikely that the whole growth in the two-wheeler subdivision would be due to motorbikes. Forecasters also observed that as the two-wheeler manufacturing had grown gradually for eight years, periods in the product life series would apply to the ground rather, rather than future and the weakening stage would usually come sometime. There was little difference between the products being launched separately from designing as most companies had presented their four-stroke vehicles. The Indian companies would succeed in producing the kind of volumes wanted to endure in the modest motorbike market, remainders to be understood. RECOMMENDATION: Focus on High Margin Products: About 50% of the two-wheeler customers buy high class products (products of executive and best segment motorcycles). Limits on these products are higher. BAL should accept a thoughtful strategy of concentrating on executive and best section motorbikes and three-wheelers, and is plummeting its essential on lower-end of motorbikes and scooters section. High margin products-Pulsar, Discover and Avenger. Low margin products Platina, Scooters and Mopeds. Bajaj cumulative competition in the economy section and limited scope from cost saving events, it is believed this strategy of concentrating on higher margin products would allow the company in retentive its operating margins. CONCIUSION: It has been more than 50 years currently that bikes have been ruling the Indian automobile segment. In 1955, the Indian government wanted durable and dependable motorbikes for its Military and forces to patrol the rough border thoroughfares. The first lot of 350cc Bullet the wonderful motorbike in India of all times, from the Royal Enfield Company of UK were conventional and collected at Chennai. The latest model launched new Pulsar 220cc, 135cc Discover 135cc, 100cc also increase better value in two wheeler markets. Its effect on Bajaj auto business. Rahul Bajaj chairman of Bajaj two wheeler. They change many models that increase company growth. Company CEO S. Sridhar change Forman, mechanical, technical staff product quality to improve bike brand. Since then, bikes in India have been prosperous as a two wheelers segment, and Indian bikes ahead on popularity all crossways the world.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lette
The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Webster defined "symbol" with these words: "Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured." This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter "A". The scarlet letter "A" is a symbol of a daughter's connection to her mother, isolation, and the devil and its associations. The scarlet letter represents Pearl's emotional attachment to Hester. For instance, Pearl is as deeply affectionate to the letter as she is to her mother. In chapter ten, Pearl takes "a handful of [burrs], [and she arranged] them along the lines of the scarlet letter." In this instance, Pearl is showing her fondness for her mother by decorating her letter - as if the letter itself were a medium between the two. Additionally, Pearl views the letter and her mother as equals. During chapter fourteen, Hester decides to remove her letter while in the forest. Thus, Pearl is reluctant to approach her. Hester, realizing what is wrong, says, "Pearl misses that which she has always seen me wear." After she returns the letter her bosom, "Pearl kissed [Hester's] brow and both cheeks ... but ... Pearl put up her mouth, and kissed the scarlet letter too. (Hawthorne)" Because of the fact that Pearl equates the letter to her mother, the letter is as deep a symbol of motherly connection as Hester is herself. In addition to emotional attachment, the scarlet letter represents isolation. Whoever wears the letter will be feared by so... ...references to the devil and Hell make it clear that the letter is indeed infernal. The scarlet letter "A", the most intricate symbol in the novel, is extremely diverse as its meanings strongly contrast. Often times, these meanings of the symbol are directly stated, but they are frequently indirect as well. The symbol's meaning can also be expressed through a variety of methods such as character dialogue, narrative, or allusions through imagery. Despite the differences between maternal love, estrangement, and avernal entities, the letter is still able to encompass these concepts into its symbolism. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Langenscheidt's Pocket Merriam-Webster Dictionary. New York: Langenscheidt Publishers, Inc, 1999. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India has some distinct and unique features as compared to other constitutions to the world. As Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee puts it, the framers had tried to accumulate and accommodate the best features of other constitutions, keeping in view the peculiar problems and needs of our country. The following are the salient features of the Constitution of India. 1. Longest written constitution Indian Constitution can be called the largest written constitution in the world because of its contents.In its original form, it consisted of 395 Articles and 8 Schedules to which additions have been made through subsequent amendments. At present it contains 395 Articles and 12 Schedules, and more than 80 amendments. There are various factors responsible for the long size of the constitution. One major factors was that the framers of the constitution borrowed provisions form several sources and several other constitutions of the world. They have fol lowed and reproduced the Government of India Act 1935 in providing matters of administrative detail.Secondly, it was necessary to make provisions for peculiar problems of India like scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes and backward regions. Thirdly, provisions were made for elaborate centre-state relations in all aspects of their administrative and other activities. Fourthly, the size of the constitution became bulky, as provisions regarding the state administration were also included. Further, a detail list of individual rights, directive principles of state policy and the details of administration procedure were laid down to make the Constitution clear and unambiguous for the ordinary citizen.Thus, the Constitution of India became an exhaustive and lengthy one. (2) Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible The Constitution of India is neither purely rigid nor purely flexible. There is a harmonious blend of rigidity and flexibility. Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by the ordinar y law-making process by Parliament. Certain provisions can be amended, only when a Bill for that purpose is passed in each house of Parliament by a majority of the total membership of that house and. by a majority of not less than two-third of the members of that house present and voting.Then there are certain other provisions which can be amended by the second method described above and are ratified by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the states before being presented to the President for his assent. It must also be noted that the power to initiate bills for amendment lies in Parliament alone, and not in the state legislatures. Pundit Nehru expressed in the Constituent Assembly, â€Å"While we want the Constitution to be as solid and permanent as we can make it, there is no permanence in Constitution. There should be certain flexibility.If you make anything rigid and permanent, you stop the nation’s growth, the growth of a living, vital organic people. †3) A Democratic Republic India is a democratic republic. It means that sovereignty rests with the people of India. They govern themselves through their representatives elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. The President of India, the highest official of the state is elected for a fixed term. Although, India is a sovereign republic, yet it continues to be a member of the Commonwealth of Nations with the British Monarch as its head.Her membership of the Commonwealth does not compromise her position as a sovereign republic. The commonwealth is an association of free and independent nations. The British Monarch is only a symbolic head of that association. 4) Parliamentary System of Government India has adopted the Parliamentary system as found in Britain. In this system, the executive is responsible to the legislature, and remains in power only as long and it enjoys the confidence of the legislature. The president of India, who remains in office for five years is the nomina l, itular or constitutional head. The Union Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head is drawn from the legislature. It is collectively responsible to the House of People (Lok Sabha), and has to resign as soon as it loses the confidence of that house. The President, the nominal executive shall exercise his powers according to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, the real executive. In the states also, the government is Parliamentary in nature. 5) A Federation Article 1 of the Constitution of India says: – â€Å"India, that is Bharat shall be a Union of States. Though the word ‘Federation' is not used, the government is federal. A state is federal when (a) there are two sets of governments and there is distribution of powers between the two, (b) there is a written constitution, which is the supreme law of the land and (c) there is an independent judiciary to interpret the constitution and settle disputes between the centre and the states. All the se features are present in India. There are two sets of government, one at the centre, the other at state level and the distribution of powers between them is quite detailed in our Constitution.The Constitution of India is written and the supreme law of the land. At the apex of single integrated judicial system, stands the Supreme Court which is independent from the control of the executive and the legislature. But in spite of all these essential features of a federation, Indian Constitution has an unmistakable unitary tendency. While other federations like U. S. A. provide for dual citizenship, the India Constitution provides for single citizenship. There is also a single integrated judiciary for the whole country.The provision of All India Services, like the Indian Administrative Service, the India Police Service, and Indian Forest Service prove another unitary feature. Members of these services are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission on an All-India basis. Because th ese services are controlled by Union Government, to some extent this constitutes a constraint on the autonomy of states. A significant unitary feature is the Emergency provisions in the Indian constitution. During the time of emergency, the Union Government becomes most powerful and the Union Parliament acquires the power of making laws for the states.The Governor placed as the constitutional head of the state, acts as the agent of the centre and is intended to safeguard the interests of the centre. These provisions reveal the centralising tendency of our federation. Prof: K. C. Wheare has rightly remarked that Indian Constitution provides, â€Å"a system of government which is quasi-federal, a unitary state with the subsidiary unitary features†. The framers of the constitution expressed clearly that there exists the harmony of federalism and the unitarism. Dr.Ambedkar said, â€Å"The political system adopted in the Constitution could be both unitary as well as federal accor ding to the requirement of time and circumstances†. We can say that India has a â€Å"Cooperative federalism†with central guidance and state compliance. 6) Fundamental Rights â€Å"A state is known by the rights it maintains†, remarked Prof. H. J. Laski. The constitution of India affirms the basic principle that every individual is entitled to enjoy certain basic rights and part III of the Constitution deals with those rights which are known as fundamental rights.Originally there were seven categories of rights, but now they are six in number. They are (i) Right to equality, (ii) Right to freedom, (iii) Right against exploitation, (iv) Right to freedom of Religion, v) Cultural and Educational rights and vi) Right to constitutional remedies. Right to property (Article-31) originally a fundamental right has been omitted by the 44th Amendment Act. 1978. It is now a legal right. These fundamental rights are justiciable and the individual can move the higher judiciar y, that is the Supreme Court or the High Courts, if there is an encroachment on any of these rights.The right to move to the Supreme Court straight for the enforcement of fundamental rights has been guaranteed under Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies). However, fundamental rights in India are not absolute. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed keeping in view the security-requirements of the state. 7) Directive Principles of State Policy A novel feature of the Constitution is that it contains a chapter in the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles are in the nature of directives to the government to implement them for establishing social and economic democracy in the country.It embodies important principles like adequate means to livelihood, equal pay for both men and women, distribution of wealth so as to subserve the common good, free and compulsory primary education, right to work, public assistance in case of old age, unemployment, sickness and disable ment, the organisation of village Panchayats, special care to the economically back ward sections of the people etc. Most of these principles could help in making India welfare state. Though not justiciable. These principles have been stated a; â€Å"fundamental in the governance of the country†. ) Fundamental Duties A new part IV (A) after the Directive Principles of State Policy was incorporated in the constitution by the 42nd Amendment, 1976 for fundaments duties. These duties are: i) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; ii) To cherish and follow the noble ideals, which inspired our national struggle for freedom; iii) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; iv) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do o; v) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of woman; vi) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; vii) to protect and improve the natural environments including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; viii) to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; x) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; x) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of Endeavour and achievement. The purpose of incorporating these duties in the Constitution is just to remind the people that while enjoying their right as citizens, should also perform their duties for rights and duties are correlative. 9) Secular State A secular state is neither religious nor irreligious, or anti-religious.Rather it is quite neutral in matters of religion. India being a land of many religions, the f ounding fathers of the Constitution thought it proper to make it a secular state. India is a secular state, because it makes no discrimination between individuals on the basis of religion. Neither it encourages nor discourages any religion. On the contrary, right to freedom of religion is ensured in the Constitution and people belonging to any religious group have the right to profess, practice or propagate any religion they like. 0) An Independent Judiciary The judiciary occupies an important place in our Constitution and it is also made independent of the legislature and the executive. The Supreme Court of India stands at the apex of single integrated judicial system. It acts as protector of fundamental rights of Indian citizens and guardian of the Constitution. If any law passed by the legislature or action taken by the executive contravenes the provisions of the Constitution, they can be declared as null and void by the Supreme Court.Thus, it has the power of judicial review. Bu t judicial review in India constitutes a middle path between the American judicial supremacy in one hand and British Parliamentary supremacy in the other. 11) Single Citizenship The Constitution of India recognises only single citizenship. In the United States, there is provision of dual citizenship. In India, we are citizens of India only, not of the respective states to which we belong. This provision would help in promoting unity and integrity of the nation.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Average GRE Scores for Top Private Universities
Average GRE Scores for Top Private Universities Most graduate schools have done away with publishing the average GRE scores for their incoming graduate students online and in promotional literature. They dont want hopeful attendees to get the wrong idea that if their scores arent the same as what other students have achieved, then they should not even bother to apply. However, some graduate schools are willing to post average ranges of scores for incoming grad students, although most of those scores are arranged by intended major rather than by the schools statistics as a whole. Keep reading to see the average GRE scores as listed for top private universities for a couple of very popular majors (engineering and education) as published by the U.S. News and World Report. GRE Scores Information If you are perplexed as you run through these scores because you expected to see numbers in the 700s, then you are probably still using the old GRE score system which ended in 2011. As of August 2011, average GRE scores can run anywhere between 130 - 170 in 1-point increments. The old system more people are familiar with, assessed students on a scale from 200 - 800 in 10-point increments. If you took the GRE using the old system and are curious about what your approximate GRE score would be with the new scale, then check out the two concordance tables listed below. Please note, however, that GRE scores are only valid for five years, so July 2016 was the last time students with GRE scores in the prior format were able to use them for admissions into graduate school. GRE Verbal Concordance TableGRE Quantitative Concordance Table  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Engineering: Quantitative: 167 Stanford University Engineering: Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 162Verbal: 164 Harvard University Engineering: Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 161Verbal: 165 California Institute of Technology (CalTech) Engineering: Quantitative: 168 Duke University Engineering: Quantitative: 164 University of Chicago Engineering: Quantitative: NA Northwestern University Engineering: Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 158Verbal: 163 University of Pennsylvania Engineering: Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 159Verbal: 161 Johns Hopkins University Engineering: Quantitative: 164 Education Quantitative: 161Verbal: 163 Rice University Engineering: Quantitative: 166 New York University Engineering: Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 154Verbal: 159 University of Notre Dame Engineering: Quantitative: 160 Vanderbilt University Engineering: Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 159Verbal: 164 Are My GRE Scores Going To Get Me In? There are quite a few factors that go into your acceptance into one of these top private universities, so dont stress out just yet. Although your GRE scores are important, they are not the only things considered by admissions counselors, as Im sure youve heard before. Make sure your application essay is top-notch and that you have secured great recommendations from those professors who knew you best in undergrad. And if you havent worked on bumping up your GPA already, then now is the time to ensure youre getting the best grades you possibly can in case your GRE score isnt exactly what you wanted it to be.
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Charles Mills vs. John Locke
Charles Mills vs. John Locke The Introduction While analyzing John Locke’s philosophy through the eyes of Charles Mills, some fundamentals on both philosophers’ worldview must be considered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Mills vs. John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, it should be pointed out that Mills is incapable of analyzing Locke’s conceptions from different perspectives. In other words, one can conclude that his reasoning seems to be unambiguous. For instance, Mills is of the opinion that Locke’s views on civilizations development are all influenced by race. However, the fact that Locke speaks about all men in his Second Treatise of Civil Government is totally neglected by Mills. Both of the philosophers Mills and Locke are deeply concerned about moral equality; although they consider the issue in different ways. The thesis statement Charles Mills criticizes John Locke’s the ory, relying on racial liberalism. He is unable to suppose that racial prejudices can be regarded separately from the social contract. According to him, Social Contract Theory cannot exist without racial injustice. It is evident that Mills interprets Locke’s arguments in his own way.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The body Mills’s viewpoint on human moral equality To prove that Mills’s position is wrong, one is to read Locke’s arguments on the state of equality. Thus, according to the philosopher â€Å"all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another; being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions†(Locke 1-2). It seems to be unclear why Mills accepts the expression all men as the white population. There were probably Mills’s considerations on racial injustice, which he decided to analyze on the basis of human moral equality. As far as Locke’s work is closely related to the time when the basic principles of moral equality were established, it becomes evident that Mills decided to justify his positions relying on some general conceptions concerning human rights. Mills’s comparative approach towards Locke’s arguments Taking into account the fact that Mills associates racial inequality with slavery, genocide, etc., one can state that his vision of Locke’s arguments is distorted by a variety of themes political philosophy is based on. Thus, one can notice that Mills does not consider Locke’s The Second Treatise of Civil Government in detail; moreover, he does not provide readers with an opportunity to trace back the points which formed his position in relation to Locke’s argument. On the contrary, his reasoning on racial inequality is based on the so-called comparative approach: he co mpares racial issues of the modernity with those ones, which appeared in times, when the concept of moral equality was formed. The method seems to be rather doubtful, as no appropriate evidence is introduced. Some basic points on the State of Nature Generally, it is necessary to keep in mind the time period Locke lived within. According to the philosopher, a person’s right to be free can be regarded as one of the basic principles of the State of Nature. However, it should be noted that the issue of freedom is considered to be of pre-political origin.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Mills vs. John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As far as people â€Å"are assumed to be equal to one another in such a state, they, therefore equally capable of discovering and being bound by the Law of Nature†(Friend par. 17). It is the Law of Nature, which determines morality. Locke states that all people a re equal before God. Keeping in mind Mills’s interpretation of the expression all people, what, according to him, means the white population, one can conclude that Mills accepts the sentence as The white people are equal before God. In other words, Mills’s attempts to criticize Locke’s views are preposterous. Logically relevant arguments vs. conditional statements In my opinion, Locke’s arguments are logically relevant. The philosopher states that people are free to start war, if other persons want to make them slaves. Mills, in his turn, considers the position from his own perspective. According to him, great atrocities involve slavery; and slavery involves racial injustice. Thus, Mills just continues to develop Locke’s idea from his own perspective and cannot accept it in a proper way. He neglects the correct meaning of the statement and tries to find in Locke’s words some signs of racial prejudices. According to Social Contract Theory, to form civil government, people’s moral and political duties are to be established. What seems to be interesting is that Mills associates the process of people’s obligations establishment with the time when racial injustice appeared. So, one can probably notice that all Locke’s arguments are analyzed by Mills on the basis of racial issues.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mills recognizes that according to Social Contract Theory, moral equality Locke highlights is to be based on the just polity; although he cannot admit even the thought of the society where people’s rights are not disrespected. Mills’s arguments are conditional. Locke’s arguments are affirmative. Mills’s opinions are based on assumptions (what if, it would be, etc.); Locke’s views are concrete. Mills tries to criticize Locke’s position relying on racial liberalism; however, his arguments are rather controversial. For instance, Mills says that â€Å"Racial liberalism, or white liberalism, is the actual liberalism that has been historically dominant since modernity†(1382). The issues described by Locke are not related to modernity; so, Mills did not take into account certain historical concepts depicted by Locke. One can notice that Mills relies on some autobiographical data from Locke’s life. For instance, he states that Locke à ¢â‚¬Å"invested in African slavery, justified Native American expropriation, and helped write the Carolina constitution of 1669, which gave masters absolute power over their slaves†(1382); but in his Second Treatise of Civil Government, Locke pointed out that people can keep under control certain things harmful to them, in order to preserve mankind in general. Keeping in mind the Law of Nature, one can conclude that investment in slavery is considered to be one of the ways to protect one’s property. Locke stated that those who failed to utilize certain resources, etc. couldn’t possess any property. For this reason, slaves seem to have no legitimate claim to any property. In other words, Locke clarifies that the protection of property is one of the key issues the society cannot function without. An explanation is quite reasonable; but Mills charges Locke with The Whiteness of his political philosophy. Some important aspects of Social Contract Theory Mills consider s racial exploitation as an internal process of Social Contract Theory; although Locke does not say any word about a contractual violation of people’s rights. Locke clarifies that people’s desire to raise their children is determined by the State of Nature. Such voluntary agreements between individuals are considered to be moral, but not political as one can think. Those people who form political societies have a moral right to punish individuals who break the Law of Nature. Thus, the will of the majority is recognized to be the linchpin of the social contract. Still, Mills analyzes the position from his own perspective, and interprets the major points of social contract on the basis of racial liberalism. As far as Locke’s arguments can be applied to all men, one can conclude that the issue of equality is also related to the colored minority groups. To disprove Mills’s arguments, one can rely on the method he uses to accuse Locke of his ignorance toward r acial problem. So, Locke does not underestimate the rights of minorities; he explains that all people have a right to self-defense. Therefore, â€Å"when the protection of people’s rights is no longer present, or when the king becomes a tyrant and acts against the interests of the people, they have a right, if not an outright obligation, to resist his authority†(Friend par. 21). For this reason, it becomes evident that according to the statement even slaves (who also belong to the category, which is determined as all men) have a right to resist the authority of the whites. In other words, minorities as well as the whites are equal in their rights. The Conclusion For Mills the racial contract is considered to be the synonym of the social contract. According to him, the establishment of a political society is to be based on racial liberalism. However, as far as most of Mills’s arguments are conditional statements, one can suppose that his assumptions can be regar ded as unreliable. Friend, Celeste. Social Contract Theory, 2004. Web. https://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/#SH2b. Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Civil Government, New York: Prometheus Books, 1986. Print. Mills, Charles. Racial Liberalism, 2008. Web.
Monday, November 4, 2019
Presentation on an entrepreneur - John P Morgan Speech or
On an entrepreneur - John P Morgan - Speech or Presentation Example He was schooled in both Switzerland and Germany. He excelled in mathematics. When he was sixteen he joined a branch of the bank in London and brought it to greater success. As time went on he continued to meet with unending business and financing success. He financed the United States railroad, which would change the country forever. He established U.S. Steel and General Electric, not to mention numbers of other lucrative ventures. He was an avid art collector and philanthropist. In fact, he once gave $550,000 a month to the U.S. to pay its Civil War Military, he also, helped, decades later in avoiding a serious economic crash in 1907 (Crovitz 1). On more than one occasion he used his money and influence to make things happen that the government just did not or could not. They resented him for his interference, making them look bad, and believed his actions were no more than a display of power (Bowen). Towards the latter part of his life Morgan gained a great deal of stock in the RMS Titanic. In fact he was expected to join its maiden voyage; there was even a customized quarters designed just for him. The room even included the specially designed holders for his cigars in the bathtub. However, Morgan changed his mind and did not board the Titanic. Had he boarded that ship he might have only lived another few days (Daugherty 4). Today when you hear the name J.P. Morgan most people assume you re referring to the banking institution not the man. But the man behind the name was a quite the person. History will remark him as one of the greatest, wealthiest, and most influential men of his time, like his peers Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, and John D, Rockefeller (O'Kelley 1011). These men lived in a time when they had the freedom to throw their money, influence, and power as they saw fit. Although J.P. Morgan made a clear effort to give of his wealth and expertise, in the modern world today we would fear anyone having the genuine power and control that these men had t hen. However, if they had not lived and taken it upon themselves to build the United States as they did, regardless of the reasons, it might not be the country we have today. We owe a great deal to all of the visionaries that came before us. Name: Date: Audience take away: A greater understanding go f the life and times of Gilded Age tycoon J.P. Morgan. Title: One of the Greatest Tycoons of the Gilded Age 3 Key ideas: 1. Biographical history of JP Morgan’s early childhood and young adulthood. 2. Discuss his accomplishments in business 3. Reiteration of accomplishments and legacy. 3 Key questions: 1. Did J.P. Morgan’s childhood influence him in adulthood? Answer: Yes he was born and bred to be a banker. He was born into affluence and worked very hard throughout his life to make certain he stayed that way. 2. Why was J.P. Morgan so disliked within political circles? Answer: He was disliked in political circles because he often used his money and influence to step in when the government was struggling; which gave him great advantage, but, also, made the government look bad (Bowen). 3. What was his part in the 1907 economic scare? Answer: He, essentially, saved the U.S. economy by providing funds and resources to maintain the government and avoid a serious depression. (Bowen) 3 Stories: Story 1 In 1907 J.P. Morgan took it upon himself to find a solution to the credit crisis, a crisis not unlike the one we began in 2008. Morgan’
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