Saturday, August 22, 2020

Stress Essay Example

Stress Essay Stress is a word we are on the whole acquainted with, a few of us possibly excessively natural. There are numerous ordinary factors that add to feelings of anxiety. Regular things like work, bringing up youngsters, taking care of the tabs, and getting things done are stressors that individuals will in general get ended up about. There are additionally a lot greater weights in life that individuals don’t need to manage regularly, things like separation, marriage, getting terminated, and demise of a friend or family member. To manage pressure, you should initially recognize your own wellsprings of tension. Individuals can make their own worry by putting things off to the last possible moment or not managing things accurately and proficiently. To recognize your own wellsprings of stress you should inspect your life and propensities. Ordinarily individuals discover things to assist them with managing life that is more awful than the real pressure. Various individuals smoke, drink, take drugs, and over or under eating. Numerous individuals likewise go to prescriptions. This pressure the executives article, records numerous different methods of managing it that are awful for you. In any case, there are additionally acceptable approaches to manage pressure. Many individuals wash up, read a book or have a pleasant, animating work out. In the article â€Å"How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress† there are six techniques that help managing pressure. The primary tip is to maintain a strategic distance from superfluous pressure. This encourages you to dodge individuals and circumstances that may raise your uneasiness level. Procedure 2 Alter the Situation: This one I feel is a significant one. It urges you to manage your sentiments and to impart adequately. Likewise, be eager to bargain when you do express your emotions. We will compose a custom article test on Stress explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Stress explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Stress explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This methodology likewise exhorts that you deal with your time all the more successfully to abstain from being on edge over cutoff times and other approaching needs. Procedure 3: Instead of getting annoyed about things attempt to see them structure a progressively positive stance. Likewise assess how significant what you’re stressing over is. On the off chance that it isn’t that significant, at that point why stress? Another valid statement this article makes is, don’t set yourself up for disappointment. This implies don’t set your principles unreasonably high for yourself. In conclusion figure out how to value your life and positive things around you. Procedure 4: Learn to consider things to be a learning encounter and be progressively positive about it. Discussing it additionally helps whether it is an expert or an old buddy. Acknowledge the way that things aren’t continually going to go your direction and manage it. System 5: My most loved is set aside effort to unwind and have a ton of fun dealing with and spoiling your self is an extraordinary method to diminish pressure and stay away from it. There are a large number of approaches to unwind and simply appreciate life Strategy 6: Exercise is essential to forestalling worry as is eating more advantageous. This article suggests avoiding caffeine, liquor, tobacco, and sugar. Rest is likewise imperative to managing pressure everybody gets grouchy when they haven’t had enough rest. Following this exhortation will prompt an increasingly beneficial and less distressing life. http://helpguide. organization/mental/stress_management_relief_coping. htm Melinda Smith, M. A. , Ellen Jaffe-Gill, M. A. , and Robert Segal, M. An added to this article. Keep going adjusted on: December 2008.

Thursday, July 16, 2020

How to Reduce Your Anxiety Attacks

How to Reduce Your Anxiety Attacks GAD Coping Print How to Reduce Your Anxiety Attacks By Daniel Amen, MD facebook twitter Daniel G. Amen, MD, is a double-board-certified adult and child psychiatrist and Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. Learn about our editorial policy Daniel Amen, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living George Doyle / Getty Images Anxiety is a normal part of life, but it can become an overwhelming problem for some people. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, an estimated 31.1% of all U.S. adults will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.?? A little bit of anxiety can actually be a good thing at times; it helps keep us safe and out of trouble (our brains are biologically wired to protect us). Unfortunately, there are millions of people living with excessive and difficult anxiety symptoms all of the time. It’s as though their “idle” is set too high and they are frequently plagued by fear, panic, and self-doubt, which can cause people to feel nervous and to engage in thoughts and behaviors that can affect their lives and health. Symptoms of excessive anxiety can include: Predicting the worst outcome in situationsAvoiding risk and conflictHaving chronic muscle tensionExperiencing panic attacks In studying the brains of anxious subjects, researchers discovered that certain areas of the brain are overactive compared to the brains of those without anxiety.?? One such area is called the basal ganglia, a set of large structures near the center of the brain that are involved with the integration of thought, feeling, and movement as well as motivation and pleasure. Steps for Reducing Anxiety So while your biology might make you more prone to anxiety, this does not mean that you must simply learn to live with it. Anxiety attacks can be frightening, but there are steps that you can take to help control your anxiety and panic symptoms. Practice Slower, Deeper Breathing Slow down your breathing. Many people don’t pay attention to their breathing during an anxiety attack when their breathing usually becomes shallow, rapid, and erratic. This type of breathing decreases the oxygen in the brain, which will trigger fear and panic (again, part of our biological wiring). When you take slow deep breaths, you increase the blood flow to your brain, which will put you back in control. Research has found that deep breathing can have a number of beneficial effects including lowering heart rate, improving mood, and lowering stress.?? One way to practice deep breathing is by learning how to breathe from your diaphragmâ€"the area of the body that tends to get “clenched” when we’re anxious. This is also known as belly breathing. Guide to Belly Breathing Lie on your back and place a small book on your belly.Breathe slowly and deeply with your belly. When you inhale, make the book go up. When you exhale, make the book go down.Take five seconds to inhaleHold it for two seconds.Take five seconds to exhale.Hold it for two seconds.Repeat.Do this 10 times.You may refer to this technique as 5 x 2 10. It may take a while to get the hang of it, but keep practicing â€" your brain and body will thank you. Deep Breathing Exercises to Reduce Anxiety Change Negative Thoughts Pay attention to the thoughts in your mind and write them down to see if they make sense. Often in panicked situations, our thoughts are distorted and need to be challenged. So, it may be a good idea to kill the automatic negative thoughts (ANTs) that make us feel miserable. Research has shown that automatic negative thoughts are positively correlated with psychological anxiety.?? This means that having these kinds of thoughts can be a trigger for feelings of nervousness, panic, and anxiety. By learning how to identify and then replace these automatic thoughts with more positive, realistic ones, you can better control your responses. Negative Thinking Patterns Affect Your Anxiety Face Your Fears Don’t leave, run away from, or ignore whatever is causing you the anxiety (unless of course, it is life-threatening). You must face the fear or concern directly, or it will always have control over you and cause you anxiety. You may need to talk to a trained psychotherapist about your anxiety and fears, especially if you’ve been exposed to the trauma of any kind. There are some proven therapeutic methods for helping people overcome the symptoms brought on by traumatic or life-threatening experiences, and those that cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Seek Help You dont have to face your anxiety alone. Therapy with a trained mental health professional can support your recovery and teach you the strategies you need to overcome your anxiety. Some therapy approaches that may help with anxiety include: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an approach that involves learning to identify the irrational or negative thoughts that contribute to anxiety and then working to change those thoughts and behaviors.??Exposure therapy is an approach that involves gradually being exposed to the source of your fears until these things or situations no longer trigger the anxious response. People usually start small (such as imagining the thing they fear) and then progressively work up to actually exposing themselves to the real thing (such as public speaking).??Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can be helpful for reducing stress and anxiety that stems from trauma. It helps to remove the emotional charges of traumatic memories.?? The Best Types of Anxiety Therapy Consider Anxiety Medications If you’ve been using strategies to control anxiety but still feel overwhelmed by feelings of worry or panic, it may be time to talk to your doctor about trying medications that can help control your anxiety. Medications commonly prescribed for anxiety include:?? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac (fluoxetine), Paxil (paroxetine), and Zoloft (sertraline)Benzodiazepines such as Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), and Valium (diazepam)BuspironeTricyclic antidepressants such as Tofranil (imipramine) and Anafranil (clomipramine) There are also complementary approaches such as herbs, vitamins, and supplements that may be helpful. Magnesium, GABA, ashwagandha, and some of the B vitamins, especially B6, may have some beneficial effects, although further research on the effects of these supplements is needed.?? Always discuss medication or adding supplements with your physician before taking them. Also, be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any medications or supplements. Treatment Approaches for Anxiety A Word From Verywell In summary, when panic or anxiety starts to set in, remember to focus on some of the strategies that may help you control these feelings. Slow down your breathing and breathe deeply from your belly. Don’t run away from your fears. Face them and work through them. Consider starting small and gradually working your way up to facing the sources of your anxiety. Also, be sure to pay attention to your thoughts and challenge them. While self-help strategies can be powerful, you dont have to take it on alone. Talk to your doctor or mental health professional about your feelings of anxiety. Therapy and medication can also help you manage your anxiety and improve your mental well-being. The Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Global Economic Meltdown Of 2008 - 1477 Words

To establish effective policies in order to enhance ethics in corporate America and prevent significant catastrophes such as the global economic meltdown of 2008 we need to propose new ethical policies and standards in our corporate system. Ethical issues must be on the strategic agenda! Integrity management should be a priority not only because it is legally required, but because it is the right thing to do. This memorandum will analyze the proposed ethical policies such as strengthening auditors’ independence and strengthening audit committee to make reforms in existing corporate sector. Strengthening business ethics by improving audit quality One of the most important factors that plays a huge role in the success of a company – is ethics, which can have long-term impact on the company. It does not matter how high the company’s profitability level is, if there is unethical behavior or a lack of corporate social responsibility it will eventually damage company’s reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders. The last global economic crisis that cost the world trillions of dollars, a continued recession, millions of lost jobs, a huge loss of confidence in financial markets and a reversal in our efforts to cure global poverty was result of the combination of several leading factors; and the failure of business ethics was one of these factors that strongly contributed to this global financial turmoil. It is proven that during economic recession many companiesShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Meltdown Crisis : Luis A. Santiago Gaetan1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Financial Meltdown Crisis Luis A. Santiago-Gaetan University of Massachusetts-Amherst Introduction In March 2008, the government of the United States was abruptly confronted with the first signals of what later became the greatest financial crisis in U. S. history since the Great Depression. The beginnings of the financial crisis began with the government intervention or bailout of Bear Sterns, the smallest of the five giant Wall Street investment banks, but the first one known to be in financialRead MoreThe Wall Street Meltdown1627 Words   |  6 PagesThe Wall Street Meltdown The Meltdown is a PBS special on the events of the financial crisis of 2008, in a timeline format, revealing the thinking behind decisions made during the fateful months before the stock market crash in August of that year. Some financial gurus on Wall Street devised a plan to bundle several mortgages together into a group, and then selling that bundle to another group of investors looking to invest in securities. The lender did not need to earn money from the loans heRead MoreEssay on The Subprime Mortgage Crisis1374 Words   |  6 Pagessituation. The main focus now is to preventing a continuous meltdown. The first step to cure the situation is taking immediate and corrective action. Kevin Alexander Gray states â€Å"We‘ve got to do more to stem the tide of foreclosures and stabilize communities throughout the country,† (Gary, 2009). In order to thoroughly understand the impact this crisis has had on the economy, it will be important to look at what has really promp ted this housing meltdown. The immediate cause or trigger of the crisis was theRead MoreFinancial Crises And Its Effects On Global Economic Crisis1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2007-2008 Financial Crisis- Its Causes and the Involvement of the FED The financial crises that occurred in 2007-2008 had such a big impact on the world that it is now considered a global financial crisis (GFC) or global economic crisis. It is commonly believed that it began in July 2007 with the credit crunch; U.S. investors lost trust in the value of subprime mortgages which caused a liquidity crisis. This had the effect that the U.S. Federal Bank injected a large amount of capital into theRead MoreThe Success Of Canadian Banks Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagesattracted that much of attention of the whole world until the subprime meltdown in 2007/2008. Canada was the only G7 country that did not have a government bank bailout. Canadian banks remained profitable through the crisis. A World Economic Forum report ranked Canada first among 134 countries on the soundness of its banks. This paper aims to analyze persuasive reasons for the remarkable success of Canadian Banks in the subprime meltdown. Regulations have been set before the crisis. However, differentRead MoreBanking Industry Meltdown: The Ethical Financial Risk Derivatives1485 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Banking Industry Meltdown: The Ethical Financial Risk Derivatives Objective This work will examine the case Banking Industry Meltdown: The Ethical Financial Risk Derivatives and determine which moral philosophy is most applicable to an understanding of the banking industry meltdown and explain the rationale. The case study will be analyzed and white-collar crimes considered as to whether they are different in any substantive manner from other more blue-collar crimes. This study will determineRead MoreSpain s Participation Of The European Union1671 Words   |  7 Pages Europe sits in the wake of the worst economic crisis the world has seen in years. After an economic boom fueled by loose credit lending, many countries are left with massive amounts of sovereign debt following the financial meltdown of 2008. The contagion sent waves of economic turbulence across the European Union. Spain was dealing with a housing-market bubble which burst while the EU dealt with a widespread financial meltdown. With the economy in shambles and thousands of Spanish citizens u nemployedRead MoreReit Case Study846 Words   |  4 Pagesthe harsh economic times, which culminated in the last global economic meltdown. The harsh global financial meltdown, which swept across the world during the new millennium, came with more dramatic volatility in prices of the REIT than with the commercial real estate. The economic downturn proceeded for long, and by the time the crisis had passed, it took quite long for the organization to return to normalcy. The share prices of REITs plummeted by a high rate of 67% by the end of 2008 and the beginningRead MoreEconomic Meltdown2698 Words   |  11 Pagesmarket and the worldwide economic damage that followed in 2008 and 2009 made people know the term economic meltdown (ehow.com, 2011). And the year 2011 proved to be a epic one in world history and brought dramatic change to many parts of the world - change that require cautious and serious analysis. International developments since World War II have drawn the nations of the world closer together in a global economy in which labour and capital move across borders. When an economic crisis in one area spreadsRead Mo reThe Subprime Mortgage Crisis in the U.S Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe argument over who should be at fault for the subprime mortgage crisis and housing market collapse in the United States has been a heated debate. Even though home foreclosure keeps rising, there should be some accountability for the economic meltdown resulting from the subprime mortgage situation. Should we blame banking institutions, mortgage lenders, brokers, and investors for this crisis? Should minorities be blamed for recklessly accepting loans and defaulting on them after realizing they

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Religion Is A Unity Of Spiritual And Physical - 1093 Words

â€Å"Religion is a system that proclaims an unseen order, and that our ultimate good lies in aligning ourselves with the unseen order.† Buddhism The truth in how the unseen order in Buddhism is the structure of human reality. It is the truth about ourselves and the truth in which we are as human beings. The truths in ourselves will often be unseen or unidentifiable often because our minds are distorted. As humans, we have these natural distortions and have a hard time seeing things in a clear perspective. Buddhism does assert that a supreme goodness does lie within a harmoniously level of adjustment within ourselves to see this hidden truth in which we would not see normally. In Buddhism, there is a path that is laid for harmonious adjustment and what it does consider is the truth in regards to the reality in our minds. In Buddhism life is regarded as a unity of spiritual and physical. Manifestations of the spiritual, the seen and the unseen are all a part of the same universal law of life. These manifestations of our spiritual and physical lives are one and of equableness. Buddhist meditation consists of developing a capacit y in our minds to rest and not be disturbed, on singly a perception of an object. Secondly, Buddhists meditation aims at the understanding of the true nature of things. Insightful meditation is about understanding the nature of the world and letting go. Bhagavad Gita 3.33 Even the wise man acts In accordance with his inner nature All beings follow theirShow MoreRelatedComparative Religions Encyclopedia Of The Jewish People1277 Words   |  6 Pages Comparative Religions Encyclopedia Kenneth Ayres period 1 A. Abraham: Abraham and the individuals that followed him and believed what he believed, were the founders of judaism. The history of the jewish people goes back to the bronze age, somewhere in the middle east. God had provided a nomad leader for the people, and he was named Abraham. Allah: Allah is literally the islamic word for god. Allah is the only god of the Islamic religion. Allah has no gender, and allah is used as respectedRead MoreThe s Belief System A Worldview1744 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Based upon one’s belief system a worldview is developed. This is reflective of the religion an individual associates with. This religion, gives meaning to life, allowing one to gain an understanding of the world. Since this understanding can be interpreted in various ways, people develop differing worldviews. Noting the differences between various forms of faith is extremely important in the health care field in order to promote healing within the patient. The health care professionalsRead MoreThe Spiritual Responsibility Of The Healthcare1608 Words   |  7 Pagesphysicians. New partnerships with other health care organizations, providers, health care plans and/or health maintenance organizations allow Catholic health care institutions to stimulate the healthcare industry and minister to their obligation of religion and ethics. In other words, partnerships aid in combining the Church’s teachings with the continuum of health care in the community. On the other hand , partnerships may also threaten the autonomy and influence of the Catholic Church in the healthRead MoreLife Is A Precious Gift From God1633 Words   |  7 Pagespatient. Lastly, the sixth part requires establishing new associations with health care organizations and physicians. New partnerships allow Catholic health care institutions to stimulate the healthcare industry and minister to their obligation of religion and ethics. In other words, partnerships aid in combining the Church’s teachings with the continuum of health care in the community. On the other hand, partnerships may also threaten the autonomy and influence of the Catholic Church in health careRead MoreEthnocentrism in Todays Church1092 Words   |  5 Pagesenmity. Therefore this aspect affects both the physical and spiritual growth and development of the church hence leading to religious dormancy. Christians befallen by this destructive temptation end their fellowships paralyzing the advancement of the g ospel towards each other and even to the world outside. Division of individual ethnic groups causes disunity within the body of Christ giving the devil a leeway to cause havoc. As time goes on the lack of unity as previously quoted earths up enmity amongstRead MoreThe Concept Of Hinduism And Buddhism1513 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM Hinduism is often called one of the oldest living religions or oldest living major traditions amongst other religions still being practiced currently, this is due to the fact that certain elements within Hinduism stretches back for thousands of years. Hinduism is often referred to as â€Å"Sanatana Dharma†, a Sanskrit phrase meaning â€Å"the eternal law†. Also, it does not have a single definition mostly because it holds a vast array of beliefs and alsoRead More Religious and Spiritual Practices of Enslaved African Americans1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Community of Enslaved Africans and their Religious Spiritual Practices. During a most dark and dismal time in our nations history, we find that the Africans who endured horrible circumstances during slavery, found ways of peace and hope in their religious beliefs. During slavery, Africans where able to survive unbearable conditions by focusing on their spirituality. Christianity was amongst the slave community. Being that the vast majority of the slave community was born in America, convertingRead MoreEssay on African Slave Religion1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe Community of Enslaved Africans and their Religious Spiritual Practices. During a most dark and dismal time in our nations history, we find that the Africans who endured horrible circumstances during slavery, found ways of peace and hope in their religious beliefs. During slavery, Africans where able to survive unbearable conditions by focusing on their spirituality. Christianity was amongst the slave community. Being that the vast majority of the slave community was born in America,Read MoreComparative Study Of Religion And Religion873 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Religion was by far one of the most eye-opening courses I took as an undergraduate. Going into the course, I thought I would be simply comparing religions. I thought I would be learning about various religions and the similarities and differences between those religions. However, it was quite different. Yes, I learned about the major world religions and their practices, but more importantly, I learned how to approach the study of religion through various religious scholars. One of theRead MoreSignificance of Hajj to the Life Muslim Adherents825 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyse the significance of Hajj to the life Muslim adherents (15 marks)       The Hajj is one of the 5 pillars of Islam and ultimately reflects many core Muslim beliefs. Through spiritual rebirth, the wearing of the Ihram garments, the acknowledgement of Allah s omnipotency and the experience of following in Prophet Muhammad s footsteps, adherents through the Hajj are able to reflect the Islamic beliefs of Jihad, Umma, Zakat, and forgiveness in their own lives. By this Muslims are able to become

Surprises from the RealAge Free Essays

I am surprised by the findings of the RealAge test. I am only 33, but my RealAge turned up to be 38. This makes me 5 years older than I am. We will write a custom essay sample on Surprises from the RealAge or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the test did explain why I am older. In particular, I inhale second-hand smoke quite regularly, because some of my friends and family members smoke. I also lack strength training and flexibility exercises, although I walk every time I can. I also need to know my blood pressure rate and other health statistics, so that it can be clear to know how healthy or unhealthy I am. I also need to improve eating healthier, by including more fruits and vegetables into my daily meals and snacks. The barriers to taking action that can improve my RealAge are my environment and lifestyle. First, my environment is not actually conducive to healthy living. Smokers abound inside and outside the house, so I tend to inhale second-hand smoke, which I know is bad for my health. However, I cannot control or influence others to stop smoking. They should quit smoking on their own. My environment is also somewhat polluted, so it is not an incentive to be walking around, as there is barely fresh air to inhale. In terms of my eating habits, college life is not essentially a haven for healthy eaters, as the study of Deshpande, Basil, andBasil (2009) revealed. College life is often stressed and students frequently skip meals or do binge eating, when they have the time, which I also frequently do. Second, my lifestyle is more or less sedentary, which also makes me not enough motivated to exercise. Sometimes, I want to exercise, but it is easy to find excuses, like it is too hot or cold outside. I can overcome these barriers by following simple advices from the Department of Health and Human Services. According to this agency: â€Å"The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend three to five servings from various vegetables and vegetable juices and two to four servings from various fruits and fruit juices, depending on calorie needs† (2009a). I will put more effort into integrating fruits and vegetable juices into my life. This way, even when I do not have time to eat fruits, I can always drink fruit or vegetable juices. Furthermore, the agency noted: â€Å"The adoption and maintenance of regular physical activity†¦ provide multiple opportunities to improve and maintain health† (2009b). Since I do not have the time to exercise for an hour or more (four to five times per week), I can just divide these exercises into 10-minute workouts. There are already numerous 10-minute workouts in Youtube. com that I can use; so that whenever I am watching TV or passing time, I can do some exercise. I will also improve my physical activity by being more active. For example, I can do some squats or push ups, while waiting for my coffee to cool down a little, or when I am just waiting for anything. Increasing my physical activity can incrementally add up to burn more calories. I was also surprised with the findings of the Portion Distortion Quiz. I realized that I have mostly underestimated the calories in today’s servings, especially for burgers, French fries, desserts, softdrinks, and other fast food choices. This can also be the reason why I feel sluggish after eating these foods. Evidently, they are packed with more fats and calories than I originally imagined. I plan to use this information to improve my food choices and how I eat fast food. For instance, instead of drinking a whole bottle of soda, I can divide it into two and drink the rest later. I will also bring my own water bottle, so that I do not need to drink too much sugary drinks, like softdrinks. Furthermore, I will cut the servings of fast food meals into two, since almost all of them have twice the calories and fats I need per meal. I will also strive to eat more fruits by bring fruits with me or fruit/vegetable juices. This way, I can feel full and not eat more junk or fatty foods. Thus, through systematically changing my lifestyle, I can become pursue a healthier life. References Deshpande, S. , Basil, M. D. , Basil, D. Z. (2009). Factors influencing healthy eating habits among college students: An application of the health belief model. Health Marketing Quarterly, 26 (2), 145-164. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010a). Healthy People 2010: Nutrition and overweight. Retrieved May 1, 2010 from http://www. healthypeople. gov/Document/HTML/Volume2/19Nutrition. htm U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010b). Healthy People 2010: Physical activity and fitness. Retrieved May 1, 2010 from http://www. healthypeople. gov/Document/HTML/volume2/22physical. htm#_Toc4 90380794 How to cite Surprises from the RealAge, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Locke And Mill Essays - Classical Liberalism, Libertarian Theory

Locke And Mill John Locke believes that man ought to have more freedom in political society than John Stuart Mill does. John Locke's The Second Treatise of Government and John Stuart Mill's On Liberty are influential and potent literary works which while outlining the conceptual framework of each thinkers ideal state present two divergent visions of the very nature of man and his freedom. John Locke and John Stuart Mill have different views regarding how much freedom man ought to have in political society because they have different views regarding man's basic potential for inherently good or evil behavior, as well as the ends or purpose of political societies. In order to examine how each thinker views man and the freedom he ought to have in political society it is necessary to define freedom or liberty from each philosophers perspective. In The Second Treatise of Government, John Locke states his belief that all men exist in a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and person as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depending upon the will of any other man. (Locke 4) Locke believes that man exists in a state of nature and thus exists in a state of uncontrollable liberty which has only the law of nature to restrict it, which is reason. (Locke 5) However Locke does state that man does not have the license to destroy himself or any other creature in his possession unless a legitimate purpose requires it. Locke emphasizes the ability and opportunity to own and profit from property as being necessary to be free. In On Liberty John Stuart Mill defines liberty in relation to three spheres; each successive sphere progressively encompasses and defines more elements relating to political society. The first sphere consists of the individuals inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscious in the most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological. (Mill 13) The second sphere of Mill's definition encompasses the general freedoms which allow an individual to freely peruse a ...life to suit our own character; of doing as we like... (Mill 13). Mill also states that these freedoms must not be interfered with by fellow creatures, so long as what we do does not harm them... (Mill 13), no matter how odd, offensive and or immoral they may seem to others. The final sphere of Mill's definition of liberty is a combination of the first two. He states that ...the freedom to unite, for any purpose not involving harm to others: the persons combining being supposed to be of full age, and not forced and or deceived. (Mill 14) Locke and Mill's definitions of freedom must be qualified. Since the definitions they present in their respective literature are distinct from one another, when each philosopher refers to freedom or liberty they are not citing the same concept. This distinction is necessary when comparing their positions regarding the amount of freedom man should have in a political society. What one philosopher considers an overt an perverse abuse of liberty the other may consider the action completely legitimate and justifiable. John Locke believes that men should be virtually unrestricted and free in political society. Locke's rational for this liberal position lies in the twin foundation of man's naturally good inclinations and the specific and limited ends Locke believes political societies ought to have. According to Locke the only freedoms men should lose when entering into a political society are equality, liberty and executive power they has in the state of nature into the hands of society. (Locke 73) In Locke's ideal society this fails to limit or remove any freedom from the individual, it only removes the responsibility of protecting these freedoms from the individual and places it on the state. John Stuart Mill believes that man's should be strictly limited in political society. Mill differs from Locke in the basic principle that individual who enjoy the benefits of living in political societies owe a return for the protection society offers. Mill believes for society to function properly conduct of societies members should not injuring the interests of one another; or rather certain interests; which either by express legal provision, or by tacit understanding, ought to be considered rights (Mill 70) Mill furthers this statement by proclaiming that society may go even further. As soon as any